Skip to main content
. 2017 Jul 24;52(4):1523–1559. doi: 10.1007/s11135-017-0533-4

Table 2.

Saris and Gallhofer’s list of response scale characteristics and choices

Characteristics Design choices
Response scale: basic choice More than 2 categories scale
Two-category scale
Numerical open-ended scale
Magnitude estimation
Line production
More steps procedures
Number of categories (categorical) [Enter value]
Maximum possible value (continuous) [Enter value]
Labels of categories No labels
Partially-labelled
Fully-labelled
Labels with short text or complete sentences Short text
Complete sentences
Order verbal labels First label negative
First label positive
Correspondence between numerical and verbal labels High correspondence
Medium correspondence
Low correspondence
Range of the used scale Bipolar
Unipolar
Range correspondence Both bipolar
Both unipolar
Concept bipolar/Scale unipolar
Symmetry of response scale Symmetric
Asymmetric
Neutral category Present
Absent
Number of fixed reference points [Enter value]
“Don’t know” option Present
Only registered
Absent
Horizontal or vertical scale Horizontal
Vertical
Overlap between verbal and numerical labels Present
Text clearly connected to categories
Numbers or letters before answer categories Numbers
Letters
Neither
Scale with only numbers or numbers in boxes In boxes
Not in boxes
HHS Vulnerability Disclosure