Table 1.

Lesch types [17]

Lesch Type I

No psychiatric comorbidity

Early and severe physical withdrawal of around 7 days

Long-term treatment: regular counseling

Lesch Type II

Anxiety, alcohol is used for conflict solving or to counteract anxiety

Mild physical withdrawal symptoms, duration around 14 days

Long-term treatment: psychotherapy

Lesch Type III

Underlying affective disorder, alcohol is used to relieve negative affective states

Often episodic drinking pattern

Mild physical withdrawal symptoms, duration up to 14 days

Long-term treatment: diagnosis and treatment of comorbid condition, psychotherapy

Lesch Type IV

Cognitive impairment (innate or subject to brain damage)

Mild physical withdrawal symptoms, duration about 7 days

Long-term treatment: self-help groups, acceptance of relapse