Table 2.
Between-group comparisons for the patients assessed by the participants.
| Variable | Control group | Intervention group | Statistic | ||
|
|
|
|
t test (degrees of freedom) |
Z value | P value |
| Patient age in yearsa, mean (SD) | 78.12 (7.62) | 77.73 (7.16) | 0.24 (34) | — | .81 |
| Patient sexa (male), n (%) | 62 (60.2) | 62 (54.4) | — | 0.74 | .46 |
| Patient locationa (rural), n (%) | 15 (14.6) | 30 (26.3) | — | 0.96 | .34 |
| Mild cognitive impairmenta (ie, not mild dementia), n (%) | 54 (52.4) | 63 (55.3) | — | −0.28 | .78 |
| Caregiver concerna,b, n (%) | 37 (35.9) | 36 (31.6) | — | −0.66 | .51 |
| Motor vehicle collisionsa,b, n (%) | 11 (10.7) | 14 (12.3) | — | 0.41 | .68 |
| Abnormal clock drawing testa,c, n (%) | 62 (60.2) | 61 (53.5) | — | −0.65 | .51 |
| MMSEd, mean (SD) | 24.07 (3.70) | 25.74 (3.56) | −1.67 (18) | — | .11 |
| MoCAe, mean (SD) | 20.77 (3.84) | 20.42 (3.87) | 0.44 (32) | — | .66 |
| Behavioral or neuropsychiatric disturbancesa,b, n (%) | 25 (24.3) | 21 (18.4) | — | −0.85 | .39 |
| Cognitive slowinga, n (%) | 32 (31.1) | 33 (29.0) | — | −0.08 | .94 |
| Abnormal Trails B resultf,g, n (%) | 33 (62.3) | 51 (76.1) | — | 1.60 | .11 |
aBased on 217 observations.
bFor caregiver concern, motor vehicle collisions, and behavioral or neuropsychiatric disturbances, a response of “unknown” was treated as “no” and combined with “no” for analyses.
cWe used the Mini-Cog algorithm for scoring abnormal performance on the CDT. Specifically, “The CDT is considered normal if all the numbers are present in the correct sequence and position, and the hands readably display the requested time.” [52].
dMMSE: Mini-Mental State Exam. Based on 75 observations.
eMoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Based on 182 observations.
fAbnormal Trails B result defined as completion time of >3 min or ≥3 errors [53].
gBased on 120 observations.