Table 3.
Multivariable results (simultaneous adjustments)a for associations between physical work-related stressors and doctor-diagnosed arthritis
| Doctor-diagnosed arthritis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Physical stressors in the Job Exposure Matrix | |||||
| Heavy physical work | 1.12 (1.01–1.23)* | – | – | – | – |
| Kneeling/squatting | – | 1.25 (1.12–1.38)** | – | – | – |
| Heavy lifting | – | – | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | – | – |
| Arm elevation | – | – | – | 1.66 (1.37–2.00)** | – |
| Awkward trunk posture | – | – | – | – | 1.23 (1.12–1.36)** |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.65 (1.51–1.81)** | 1.58 (1.44–1.74)** | 1.69 (1.54–1.86)** | 1.69 (1.54–1.86)** | 1.68 (1.54–1.85)** |
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| 30–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 3.13 (2.06–4.74) | 3.19 (2.10–4.84) | 3.11 (2.05–4.72) | 3.15 (2.07–4.77) | 3.18 (2.10–4.82) |
| 50–59 | 4.16 (2.74–6.30) | 4.21 (2.77–6.38) | 4.16 (2.74–6.31) | 4.18 (2.75–6.34) | 4.22 (2.79–6.41) |
| 60–69 | 5.73 (3.87–8.46) | 5.82 (3.94–8.61) | 5.74 (3.89–8.49) | 5.87 (3.97–8.68) | 5.84 (3.95–8.63) |
| 70–79 | 8.95 (6.04–13.26) | 9.11 (6.15–13.50) | 8.97 (6.05–13.28) | 9.18 (6.20–13.60) | 9.05 (6.11–13.41) |
| ≥80 | 14.30 (9.63–21.24) | 14.54 (9.78–21.59) | 14.37 (9.67–21.34) | 14.69 (9.89–21.82) | 15.57 (9.81–21.65) |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||
| < 25 (kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–29.99 (kg/m2) | 1.06 (0.94–1.21) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.07 (0.94–1.21) |
| 30–34.99 (kg/m2) | 1.85 (1.59–2.14) | 1.83 (1.58–2.12) | 1.85 (1.60–2.15) | 1.80 (1.55–2.08) | 1.85 (1.60–2.14) |
| ≥35 (kg/m2) | 3.74 (3.19–4.39) | 3.70 (3.16–4.34) | 3.72 (3.17–4.37) | 3.65 (3.11–4.28) | 3.76 (3.21–4.41) |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Household income quintiles | |||||
| Quintile 1 (lowest) | 1.42 (1.24–1.63) | 1.46 (1.27–1.68) | 1.42 (1.24–1.63) | 1.43 (1.24–1.64) | 1.45 (1.26–1.66) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.38 (1.21–1.58) | 1.40 (1.22–1.60) | 1.38 (1.21–1.58) | 1.37 (1.19–1.57) | 1.39 (1.21–1.59) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.44 (1.26–1.64) | 1.45 (1.27–1.65) | 1.44 (1.26–1.64) | 1.43 (1.26–1.6) | 1.45 (1.27–1.65) |
| Quintile 4 | 1.60 (1.42–1.80) | 1.61 (1.42–1.81) | 1.61 (1.42–1.81) | 1.60 (1.42–1.81) | 1.60 (1.42–1.80) |
| Quintile 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| No schooling | 0.70 (0.59–0.84) | 0.70 (0.59–0.83) | 0.73 (0.61–0.86) | 0.73 (0.61–0.86) | 0.70 (0.59–0.83) |
| Some primary | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 1.28 (1.07–1.55) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) | 1.28 (1.06–1.54) |
| Primary complete | 0.76 (0.64–0.91) | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 0.76 (0.65–0.90) |
| Secondary complete | 0.77 (0.67–0.87) | 0.77 (0.68–0.87) | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) | 0.76 (0.67–0.86) |
| Tertiary complete | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married/cohabiting | 1.31 (1.03–1.67) | 1.31 (1.03–1.66) | 1.30 (1.02–1.65) | 1.30 (1.02–1.65) | 1.28 (1.00–1.62) |
| Separated/widow | 1.16 (0.90–1.48) | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.15 (0.90–1.47) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | 1.13 0.88–1.44) |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | * | * |
| Region | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.11 (1.01–1.22)* | 1.10 (1.00–1.21)* | 1.12 (1.02–1.23)** | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) |
aAnalyses were adjusted for country of residence; b overall p-values provided for variables with more than one category; * p < 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01
Results presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and p value