Table 4.
Multivariable results (simultaneous adjustments)a for associations between physical work-related stressors and symptom-defined arthritis
| Symptom-defined arthritis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Physical stressors in the Job Exposure Matrix | |||||
| Heavy physical work | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | – | – | – | – |
| Kneeling/squatting | – | 1.27 (1.08–1.50)** | – | – | – |
| Heavy lifting | – | – | 1.33 (1.11–1.58)** | – | – |
| Arm elevation | – | – | – | 2.16 (1.63–2.86)** | – |
| Awkward trunk posture | – | – | – | – | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.44 (1.23–1.69)** | 1.33 (1.13–1.57)** | 1.62 (1.36–1.94)** | 1.50 (1.28–1.75)** | 1.43 (1.22–1.67)** |
| Age groups (years) | |||||
| 30–39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 2.55 (0.97–6.67) | 2.65 (1.01–6.94)* | 2.53 (0.96–6.61) | 2.55 (0.97–6.68) | 2.53 (0.96–6.62) |
| 50–59 | 3.34 (1.28–8.72) | 3.36 (1.28–8.78) | 3.26 (1.25–8.52) | 3.38 (1.29–8.86) | 3.31 (1.27–8.66) |
| 60–69 | 4.35 (1.76–10.74) | 4.38 (1.77–10.80) | 4.35 (1.76–10.73) | 4.43 (1.80–10.94) | 4.34 (1.76–10.70) |
| 70–79 | 10.30 (4.18–25.37) | 10.45 (4.24–25.72) | 10.44 (4.24–25.69) | 10.55 (4.28–26.00) | 10.29 (4.18–25.32) |
| ≥80 | 12.74 (5.16–31.46) | 12.65 (5.13–31.24) | 12.60 (5.10–31.10) | 12.67 (5.13–31.31) | 12.70 (5.14–31.33) |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||
| < 25 (kg/m2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–29.99 (kg/m2) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 1.15 (0.93–1.41) | 1.16 (0.94–1.42) | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 1.13 (0.92–1.40) |
| 30–34.99 (kg/m2) | 1.35 (1.04–1.75) | 1.38 (1.06–1.79) | 1.39 (1.07–1.81) | 1.33 (1.02–1.72) | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) |
| ≥35 (kg/m2) | 3.49 (2.68–4.56) | 3.62 (2.78–4.72) | 3.65 (2.80–4.76) | 3.47 (2.67–4.52) | 3.47 (2.66–4.52) |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Household income quintiles | |||||
| Quintile 1 (lowest) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) | 1.03 (0.82–1.29) | 0.98 (0.77–1.21) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) | 1.25 (1.01–1.55) | 1.22 (0.98–1.50) | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 1.24 (1.00–1.54) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.62 (0.49–0.79) | 0.63 (0.50–0.80) | 0.61 (0.48–0.77) | 0.61 (0.48–0.78) | 0.62 (0.49–0.79) |
| Quintile 4 | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.69 (0.55–0.86) | 0.67 (0.53–0.84) | 0.68 (0.54–0.85) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) |
| Quintile 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| No schooling | 7.15 (4.84–10.57) | 6.54 (4.47–9.56) | 6.28 (4.28–9.20) | 6.71 (4.60–9.79) | 7.13 (4.87–10.44) |
| Some primary | 9.76 (6.55–14.53) | 9.13 (6.18–13.51) | 8.83 (5.96–13.09) | 9.11 (6.17–13.47) | 9.69 (6.55–14.34) |
| Primary complete | 3.02 (2.04–4.48) | 2.84 (1.93–4.18) | 2.78 (1.89–4.10) | 2.78 (1.89–4.09) | 3.01 (2.04–4.44) |
| Secondary complete | 2.83 (2.09–3.84) | 2.72 (2.01–3.69) | 2.71 (2.00–3.68) | 2.64 (1.95–3.58) | 2.84 (2.09–3.85) |
| Tertiary complete | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overall p-valueb | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married/cohabiting | 1.05 (0.67–1.63) | 1.04 (0.66–1.62) | 1.01 (0.65–1.58) | 1.04 (0.67–1.62) | 1.06 (0.68–1.66) |
| Separated/widow | 1.22 (0.78–1.91) | 1.19 (0.76–1.86) | 1.20 (0.76–1.87) | 1.23 (0.79–1.93) | 1.23 (0.79–1.93) |
| Overall p-valueb | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Region | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) |
aAnalyses were adjusted for country of residence; b overall p-values provided for variables with more than one category; * p < 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; NS = not significant
Results presented as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and p value