Table 4.
Summary of prevalence rates of cardiovascular comorbidities in persons with type 2 diabetes
| Sex | Cardiovascular outcome | Studies | N | Ratea (%) | 95% confidence interval (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both | Stroke | 39 | 3,901,505 | 7.6 | 6.6–8.6 |
| Myocardial infarction | 13 | 3,518,833 | 10.0 | 7.5–12.5 | |
| Angina pectoris | 4 | 354,743 | 14.6 | 12.0–17.3 | |
| Heart failure | 14 | 601,154 | 14.9 | 13.0–16.7 | |
| Atherosclerosis | 4 | 1153 | 29.1 | 21.7–36.4 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 42 | 3,833,200 | 21.2 | 20.3–22.2 | |
| Cardiovascular disease (any) | 53 | 4,289,140 | 32.2 | 30.0–34.4 | |
| Malesb | Stroke | 10 | 232,525 | 6.7 | 6.0–7.3 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 | 1170 | 11.9 | 4.3–19.5 | |
| Angina pectoris | 1 | 454 | 21.1 | 16.3–26.9 | |
| Heart failure | 4 | 73,361 | 25.3 | 11.4–39.2 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 9 | 237,367 | 18.7 | 16.5–20.8 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 | 241,406 | 27.6 | 25.3–29.9 | |
| Femalesb | Stroke | 10 | 202,348 | 5.9 | 5.1–6.7 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 | 1812 | 9.8 | 3.5–16.0 | |
| Angina pectoris | 1 | 803 | 17.4 | 15.0–20.2 | |
| Heart failure | 4 | 62,690 | 24.0 | 11.2–36.8 | |
| Coronary artery disease | 10 | 205,493 | 14.3 | 12.4–16.1 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 | 209,153 | 27.2 | 22.7–31.7 |
aWeighted by inverse variance
bNo studies reported atherosclerosis for males or females; only in the aggregate. Rates for males and females do not sum to the total as not all studies reported all outcomes