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Immunohistochemical staining of SMAD7 on ileal biopsies. The lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) SMAD7 protein expression (brown color) was similar in CD patients with active disease (aCD) (a, b) compared to controls (e, f). SMAD7 was downregulated in CD patients in remission (rCD) (c, d). Original magnification ×20 (a, c, and e) and ×40 (b, d, and f). SMAD downregulation in CD patients in remission was significant compared to controls and active CD (g). Median and IQR are shown.
