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. 2018 May 27;2018:4578140. doi: 10.1155/2018/4578140

Table 2.

Characteristics of the T2DM patients and controls according to the rGFR stratum.

Controls T2DM P
rGFR ≥ 90
mL/min/1.73 m2
60 ≤ rGFR < 90
mL/min/1.73 m2
30 ≤ rGFR < 60
mL/min/1.73 m2
n 20 96 51 25 -
Male/female 7/13 59/37# 31/20 13/12 0.683
Age (years) 58.0 ± 12.3 54.0 ± 13.2 64.7 ± 8.4# 68.9 ± 14.9# <0.0001
Diabetes duration (years) - 8.1 ± 6.5 10.9 ± 8.1 16.5 ± 9.6 <0.0001
Current smokers (%) 2 (10.0) 18 (18.8) 7 (13.7) 4 (16.0) 0.735
Hypertension, n (%) - 31 (32.2) 33 (64.7) 20 (80.0) <0.0001
ARB/ACER use, n (%) - 16 (16.7) 15 (29.4) 5 (20.0) 0.194
BMI (kg/m2) 23.8 ± 4.5 23.5 ± 3.5 24.8 ± 3.9 23.9 ± 2.7 0.121
WC (cm) 81.0 ± 13.0 86.8 ± 10.6# 92.3 ± 11.8# 89.8 ± 12.2# 0.017
SBP (mmHg) 115.0 (20.0) 123.5 (20.0) # 137.5 (20.0) 140.0 (20.0) <0.0001
DBP (mmHg) 75.0 (10.0) 80.0 (10.0) # 80.0 (15.0) # 80.0 (20.0) 0.746
HbA1c (%) 5.6 (0.7) 9.0 (3.5) 8.0 (2.9) 7.9 (3.3) 0.129
FPG (mmol/L) 5.1 (0.6) 7.4 (4.9) 6.9 (2.9) 7.8 (1.9) 0.372
2 h PPG (mmol/L) 6.0 (1.8) 11.7 (7.9) 13.4 (8.1) 12.6 (5.8) 0.611
TC (mmol/L) 5.2 (0.9) 5.1 (1.4) 4.7 (1.8) 4.7 (2.1) 0.302
TG (mmol/L) 1.4 (1.1) 1.3 (1.1) 1.7 (1.3) 1.3 (1.7) 0.150
HDL (mmol/L) 1.4 (0.6) 1.2 (0.5) # 1.1 (0.4) # 1.2 (0.5) # 0.878
LDL (mmol/L) 3.0 ± 1.0 3.1 (1.1) 2.8 (1.2) 2.8 (1.1) 0.308
RBP4 (mg/L) 41.5 (15.0) 45.2 ± 12.1# 46.8 ± 11.3# 52.5 ± 12.6# 0.049
rGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) 104.9 ± 27.9 112.2 ± 16.6 76.7 ± 8.5 47.4 ± 9.8 <0.0001
UACR (μg/mg) 5.2 (5.4) 17.1 (62.0) # 38.9 (118.6) 262.3 (473.6) <0.0001
hsCRP (mg/L) 0.9 (0.1) 1.0 (0.3) 1.5 (0.2) 1.7 (0.5) 0.468
FABP4 (μg/L) 1.4 (0.9) 2.1 (2.6) # 2.6 (8.0) 5.0 (9.2) <0.0001
NGAL/Cr (μg/mg) 0.2 (1.4) 0.6 (2.1) 0.9 (1.9) # 1.7 (5.1) # 0.095
Cys-C/Cr (μg/mg) 1.7 (2.3) 2.8 (2.9) 3.2 (2.2) 6.2 (8.4) 0.339

Data are means ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range). Pfor comparisonsamong the three diabetic subgroups; #P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 for comparisons between diabetic subgroups versus control subjects (by the independent t test for normally distributed data or the Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data). rGFR, radioisotope glomerular filtration rate; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2 hPPG, 2 h postprandial plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RBP4, retinal-binding protein 4; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; hsCRP, serum high-sensitivity C- reactive protein; FABP4, fatty acid-binding protein 4; NGAL/Cr, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin-to-creatinine ratio; Cys-C/Cr, cystatin C-to-creatinine ratio.