Table 2.
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with various types of diabetes.
| lncRNAs | Findings | Diabetes type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERBB3 locus-associated lncRNA (NONHSAG011351) | Prevent β-cell destruction | Type 1 diabetes | (69) |
| Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 | Associated with end stage renal disease attributed to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | Type 1 diabetes | (70) |
| Maternally expressed 3 gene | Alters susceptibility to T1DM | Type 1 diabetes | (71, 72) |
| Regulates β cell identity and function via insulin production and apoptosis in mouse MIN6 cells and isolated mouse islets | |||
| Associated with impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin synthesis and secretion | Type 2 diabetes | (73) | |
| HI-LNC25 | Positively regulates GLIS3 (which contains both T1D and T2D risk variants) in EndoC-βH1 human β cell line | Type 1 diabetes | (74) |
| β-cell long intergenic non-coding RNA (βlinc1) | Regulates β cell identity and function in mouse MIN6 cells and EndoC-βH1 human β cell line; also regulates its neighboring gene NKX2.2 (an islet transcription factor) | Type 1 diabetes | (75) |
| Associated with β-cell loss | Type 2 diabetes | (75) | |
| TUNAR (HI-LNC78) | Knockdown of TUNAR leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets | Type 1 diabetes | (76) |
| PLUT (HI-LNC71) | Regulates transcription of PDX1, a key pancreatic β cell transcriptional regulator, in EndoC-βH1 cells, primary islet cells, mouse β cell line MIN6 | Type 1 diabetes | (76) |
| MALAT1 | Upregulation of MALAT1 is associated with microvascular dysfunction (diabetic retinopathy) in STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice | Type 1 diabetes | (53) |
| TUG1 | Downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 expression increased apoptosis and reduced insulin secretion in mouse β cells | Type 1 diabetes | (77) |
| NONRATT021972 | Exacerbated neuropathic pain via TNF-α related pathways | Type 2 diabetes | (78) |
| ENST00000550337.1 | Biomarker | Pre-diabetes and Type 2 diabetes | (79) |
| lncRNA-ROR | Maintenance of human amniotic epithelial stem cell pluripotency and β islet-like cell differentiation | Type 2 diabetes | (80) |
| Antisense non-coding RNA (ANRIL) | Affect β-cell mass | Type 2 diabetes | (81) |
| E330013P06 (E33) | Promotes macrophage inflammation | Type 2 diabetes | (82) |
| Imprinted maternally expressed transcript (H19) | Associated with increased birth weight; higher expression in T2D patients | Type 2 diabetes | (83) |
| HI-LNC901 | Implicated in islet function | Type 2 diabetes | (84) |
| Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 | Regulates mTOR signaling pathway | Type 2 diabetes | (85) |
| PDX1-associated lncRNA, upregulator of transcription (PLUTO) | Regulates PDX1 expression | Type 2 diabetes | (76) |