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. 2018 Jun 4;9:1158. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01158

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Copyright © 2018 Cueno and Ochiai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gingival periodontal disease level-butyric acid (BA) induces blood cytosolic oxidative stress. Quantification of blood cytosolic (A) total heme, (B) H₂O₂, (C) catalase, (D) NADPH, (E) NADP, (F) NADPH/NADP ratio, (G) free fatty acid, and (H) glutathione reductase amounts are indicated. Results shown are mean ± SE utilizing independent blood samples (collected at 0, 6, and 12 h post-treatment with BA) of 10-week-old Wistar male rats (n = 6). Statistical analyses were performed using Anderson–Darling normality test and, if passed (p > 0.05), Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01).