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. 2018 Jun 4;9:1158. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01158

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Copyright © 2018 Cueno and Ochiai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Gingival periodontal disease level-butyric acid (BA) induces oxidative stress in different regions of the brain organ. Quantification of brain (A) total heme, (B) NADPH, (C) hydrogen peroxide, (D) glutathione reductase, and (E) free fatty acid amounts are indicated. Results shown are mean ± SE utilizing independent brain samples (hippocampus, pineal gland, hypothalamus, cerebrum, and cerebellum) of 10-week-old Wistar male rats (n = 6). Control and BA-treated (12 h post-treatment) rats were used. Statistical analyses were performed using Anderson–Darling normality test and, if passed (p > 0.05), Student’s t-test (**p < 0.01). Percent difference between control and BA-treated rats are labeled.