Figure 3.

Genome-based approaches that contribute toward the development of models of how microbes function in the polluted environments (a) Cells: the isolated cells from the environmental samples gives an opportunity to furnish/obtain information on the gene composition as well as in-depth physiological analysis (b) DNA: Genomic DNA extracted from the environmental samples provides information and knowledge regarding the genetic potential of the yet-unculturable microorganisms (c) mRNA and Proteins: mRNA and proteins extracted from the environments furnishes information about the gene expression under varied environmental conditions.