| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abuova 2012 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Ajazaj 2013 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Alavi‐Naini 2004 | This is a single case report |
| Ali 2010 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Anon 1984 | This was a survey and therefore was a different study design from our inclusion criteria |
| Ardalan 2006 | This was a single case report |
| Athar 2003 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Athar 2005 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Barr 2013 | This was a single case report |
| Canpolat 2011 | This was a single case report |
| Caylan 2010 | This was a single case report |
| Ceri 2013 | This was a single case report |
| Chinikar 2013 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Dilber 2010 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Drosten 2002 | This was a single case report and discussion |
| El Bahnasawy 2015 | This was a survey and therefore did not meet inclusion criteria; it was based on a different study design |
| Elata 2011 | This was a case report of a single nosocomial transmission. |
| Ergonul 2009 | This was a commentary on an included study |
| Ergonul 2014 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Ergonul 2017 | This study compared individuals with CCHF to healthy individuals |
| Fazlalipour 2016 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Gonen 2014 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 cases |
| Gozel 2013 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 cases |
| Guner 2014 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Gursoy 2014 | Translated from Turkish. This was an editorial letter that reported a single case |
| Hasan 2013 | This was a single case report |
| Izadi 2009b | This is an editorial letter written as a reply to comments on an included study |
| Jabbari 2006 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Jamil 2005 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Joubert 1985 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Kadanali 2012 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Kader 2011 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Kleib 2016 | This was a single case report |
| Kubar 2011 | This reported the effects of administration of hyperimmunoglobulin, not ribavirin. |
| Kunchev 2008 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Leblebicioglu 2016a | This reported on the use of ribavirin for prophylaxis but did not report on ribavirin used as treatment for disease |
| Makwana 2015 | This was a single case report |
| Mardani 2009 | This was case series of fewer than 10 participants |
| Mardani 2013 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Midilli 2007 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Mishra 2011 | This was a single case report |
| MMWR 1984 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Mohamed 2016 | This was a single case report |
| Nabeth 2004 | This was a single case report |
| Naderi 2011 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Naderi 2013 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| NCT00992693 | This ongoing study did not include a comparator group where no ribavirin is given. |
| Oflaz 2013 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Ozbey 2014 | This did not compare use of ribavirin to supportive care only. It did not report mortality as an outcome in a useable way, reporting only a case fatality ratio in those who were transferred to tertiary centres or not transferred. As such this study did not meet our inclusion criteria. |
| Ozsoy 2015 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Papa 2008 | This was a single case report |
| Pourahmad 2011 | This was a single case report |
| Pshenichnaya 2015 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Raoofi 2012 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Richards 2015 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Sahin 2016 | This was a single case report |
| Saluzzo 1985b | This was a single case report |
| Schwarz 1995 | This was a single case report |
| Scrimgeour 1996 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Sefikotullari 2013 | This case series reported different outcomes from those in our review |
| Sharifi‐Mood 2008 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Sharifi‐Mood 2009 | This was an overlapping study reporting the same data as an included study (Sharifi‐Mood 2006) |
| Sharifi‐Mood 2013b | This was a quasi‐RCT that did not report on ribavirin compared to supportive care only ‐ all participants received ribavirin with or without corticosteroids |
| Sheikh 2005 | This was a cohort study that did not compare ribavirin to supportive care only ‐ no comparator arm |
| Sheikh, 2004 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Smego 2004 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Suleiman 1980 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Sunbul 2016 | This was a single case report |
| Tall 2009a | This was a single case report |
| Tall 2009b | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Tatar 2005 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Tezer 2014 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants. |
| Tulek 2010 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Tutuncu 2009 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Ugurlu 2013 | This was a single case report |
| Unlusoy 2014 | This was a single case report |
| Uysal 2012 | This was a single case report |
| Van Eeden 1985a | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Van Eeden 1985b | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Weber 2001 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Yadav 2013 | This did not report on ribavirin use in CCHF |
| Yadav 2016 | This did not report on ribavirin use in CCHF |
| Yesilyurt 2011 | This did not report on ribavirin use in CCHF |
| Yildirmak 2016 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Yilmaz 2009a | This did not report on ribavirin use in CCHF |
| Yilmaz 2009b | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
| Yolcu 2014 | This was a survey that did not report on ribavirin use for treatment of CCHF |
| Zakhashvili 2010 | This was a single case report |
| Öztürk 2012 | This was a case series with fewer than 10 participants |
RCT: randomized controlled trial