Table 1.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics
| Variable | LRTI+N = 107 | LRTI−N = 140 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Race: n (%) | |||
| Black | 14 (14.7) | 23 (17.7) | .24 |
| Mestizo | 6 (6.3) | 19 (14.6) | |
| Other | 3 (3.2) | 5 (3.8) | |
| White | 46 (48.4) | 54 (41.5) | |
| Unknown | 26 (27.4) | 29 (22.3) | |
| Missing | 12 | 10 | |
| Substance use during pregnancy: n (%) exposed | |||
| Alcohol | 19 (17.8) | 30 (21.7) | .52 |
| Tobacco | 21 (19.6) | 37 (27.0) | .23 |
| Marijuana | 3 (2.8) | 6 (4.5) | .73 |
| Crack or cocaine | 4 (3.8) | 4 (3.0) | 1.00 |
| Mean (STD) maternal age at enrollment | 26.3 (5.0) | 27.4 (5.8) | .14 |
| Mean (STD) years of education | 6.9 (3.2) | 7.7 (3.2) | .04 |
| Mean (STD) no. of prior pregnancies | 2.3 (2.2) | 2.3 (1.9) | .98 |
| Mean (STD) parity | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.7) | .96 |
| Mean (STD) no. of people in household | 4.4 (3.0) | 4.0 (1.9) | .14 |
| Mean (STD) CD4 count (cells/mm3) at hospital discharge | 505.1 (239.5) | 601.5 (287.1) | .01 |
| Mean (STD) CD4% at hospital discharge | 30.0 (9.4) | 33.2 (11.1) | .04 |
| Mean (STD) HIV viral load (log10 copies/mL) at hospital discharge | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | .03 |
| HIV viral load <400 copies/mL at hospital discharge: n (%) | 24 (34.3) | 56 (58.3) | .002 |
| Antiretrovirals during pregnancy: n (%) | |||
| Zidovudine monotherapy | 57 (53.3) | 70 (50.0) | .62 |
| Combination antiretrovirals | 50 (46.7) | 69 (49.3) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Cotrimoxazole during pregnancy: n (%) Yes | 14 (13.1) | 15 (10.7) | .92 |
| Infant characteristics | |||
| Female gender: n (%) | 38 (35.5) | 62 (44.3) | .19 |
| Small for gestational age (<10th percentile): n (%) | |||
| Yes | 4 (3.7) | 4 (2.9) | .72 |
| No | 103 (96.3) | 136 (97.1) | |
| Large for gestational age (>90th percentile): n (%) | |||
| Yes | 14 (13.1) | 13 (9.3) | .41 |
| Mean (STD) gestational age at birth (weeks) | 38.6 (1.1) | 38.9 (1.2) | .07 |
| Mean (STD) birth weight (g) | 3145.5 (391.7) | 3169.6 (369.6) | .62 |
| Mean (STD) percent hematocrit at birth | 41.4 (5.4) | 42.6 (6.4) | .12 |
| Mean (STD) hemoglobin at birth (g/dL) | 14.2 (1.8) | 14.6 (2.1) | .15 |
| Mean (STD) red blood cell count at birth (106/μL) | 3.7 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.7) | .11 |
| Mean (STD) white blood cell count at birth (103/μL) | 11.5 (7.1) | 11.5 (3.8) | .97 |
| Mean (STD) days on zidovudine | 42.8 (4.7) | 43.4 (6.5) | .25 |
| Used cotrimoxazole: n (%) yes | 100 (93.5) | 131 (93.6) | .56 |
| Mean (STD) says of cotrimoxazole use | 102.7 (39.4) | 98.3 (43.7) | .43 |
Bolded p values indicate significant and marginal differences. To adjust for one-to-n matching, p values for continuous measures were calculated by linear mixed-effects models; p values for categorical measures were calculated by conditional logistic regression.
LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
STD, standard deviation.