Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, chronic conditions and functional measures by ABI tertiles
| Variable | Overall N=570 |
1st tertile 1.0–1.13 n=196 |
2nd tertile 1.13–1.19 n=185 |
3rd tertile 1.19–1.39 n=189 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.98 ± 9.50 | 69.42 ± 9.92 | 70.09 ± 9.73 | 70.46 ± 8.81 | 0.558 |
| Female | 291 (48.95) | 108 (55.10) | 97 (52.43) | 86 (45.50) | 0.15 |
| Race: | 0.40 | ||||
| White | 387 (67.89) | 124 (63.27) | 127 (68.65) | 136 (71.96) | |
| African-American | 145 (25.44) | 58 (29.59) | 44 (23.78) | 43 (22.75) | |
| Other | 38 (6.67) | 14 (7.14) | 14 (7.57) | 10 (5.29) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.17 ± 4.58 | 27.54 ± 4.90 | 27.35 ± 4.83 | 26.61 ± 3.92 | 0.112 |
| Height | 168.93 ± 9.26 | 168.14 ± 9.60 | 168.48 ± 9.05 | 170.20 ± 9.02 | 0.067 |
| Chronic conditions: | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (0.88) | 1 (0.51) | 1 (0.54) | 3 (1.59) | 0.44 |
| Coronary heart disease | 25 (4.39) | 7 (3.57) | 7 (3.78) | 11 (5.82) | 0.49 |
| Stroke | 15 (2.63) | 4 (2.04) | 5 (2.70) | 6 (3.17) | 0.78 |
| Hypertension | 267 (46.84) | 88 (44.90) | 84 (45.41) | 95 (50.26) | 0.51 |
| Diabetes | 95 (16.67) | 33 (16.84) | 29 (15.68) | 33 (17.46) | 0.89 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 343 (60.18) | 115 (58.67) | 107 (57.84) | 121 (64.02) | 0.41 |
| Smoking | 19 (3.35) | 11 (5.64) | 2 (1.09) | 6 (3.17) | 0.05 |
| No difficulty walking 1/4 mile | 547 (96.13) | 187 (95.41) | 179 (96.76) | 181 (96.28) | 0.82 |
| TLAC | 1.28 ± 0.32 | 1.27 ± 0.31 | 1.31 ± 0.33 | 1.28 ± 0.33 | 0.429 |
| Time to complete LDCW, sec | 266.40 ± 49.96 | 273.14 ± 52.55 | 267.24 ± 51.67 | 258.69 ± 44.44 | 0.021 |
| Poor walking endurance | 130 (22.81) | 61 (31.12) | 36 (19.46) | 33 (17.46) | 0.003 |
| VO2 peak, mL/Kg/min | 18.04 ± 4.55 | 17.12 ± 4.16 | 18.42 ± 4.61 | 18.62 ± 4.76 | 0.007 |
| HABC PPB, score | 2.91 ± 0.50 | 2.82 ± 0.55 | 2.94 ± 0.49 | 2.96 ± 0.46 | 0.011 |
| RPE, score | 8.53 ± 2.23 | 8.61 ± 2.09 | 8.78 ± 2.35 | 8.20 ± 2.21 | 0.06 |
| Usual gait speed, m/s | 1.16 ± 0.23 | 1.13 ± 0.21 | 1.19 ± 0.25 | 1.18 ± 0.22 | 0.021 |
| Grip strength | 32.92 ± 10.82 | 32.01 ± 10.38 | 32.53 ± 11.50 | 34.24 ± 10.50 | 0.113 |
| Tiredness | 203 (35.73) | 75 (38.46) | 69 (37.30) | 59 (31.38) | 0.30 |
| Low energy | 93 (16.37) | 39 (19.9) | 31 (16.76) | 23 (12.30) | 0.13 |
Bold font indicates a statistically significant difference from ANOVA and Chi squared tests (p-value <0.05)
Values are means ± standard deviations or frequencies (proportions).
Chronic conditions were self-reported in the interview: “has a doctor (or other health professional) ever said you had.”
TLAC: Aaverage of total logged activity counts per day; RPE: Borg rating of perceived exertion (6–20); HABC PPB: health ABC physical performance battery score (0–4); VO2 peak: peak rate of oxygen consumption in the 400-meter walk per kilogram of body weight (ml/kg/min); tiredness: answered “felt unusually tired during the day” all, most or some of the days during the past month (vs. none); low energy: rated usual energy level ≤6 in a scale of 0–10.