Skip to main content
. 2018 May 7;20(6):610–620. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.011

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Angiogenic factors are upregulated in primary cultures of human ccRCC. (A and B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded normal-adjacent renal cortex (normal) and ccRCC (tumor). Arrows indicate examples of vascular networks. (C and D) Bright-field micrographs of primary cultures derived from normal-adjacent renal cortex and ccRCC. Scale bar, 100 μm for all image panels. (E) Gene expression levels of the renal cell carcinoma antigen, CA9, and the angiogenic factors ANGPTL4, PGF, and VEGFA in ccRCC versus normal-adjacent renal cortex tissues from the TCGA RNA expression data. Box, 25th-75th percentiles; middle notch, median; whiskers, 1.5 times the interquartile range; open circles, values outside of the interquartile range. The top and bottom 5% of values have been omitted for clarity of presentation. For all four genes, P < .0001 for comparison of the expression levels in tumor versus normal samples. (F) Gene expression levels determined by quantitative RT-PCR in primary cultures of ccRCC versus normal-adjacent renal cortex. Error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate reactions for all samples except H24 and H25 (duplicate reactions). For all four genes, P < .0001 for comparison of the expression levels in tumor versus normal across all patients. G) Secreted protein concentrations of ANGPTL4 measured by Luminex in culture supernatants from normal-adjacent renal cortex (N) or ccRCC cells (T). Error bars represent the average deviation of duplicate determinations. The P value is < .01 for the comparison of ANGPTL4 levels in tumor versus normal cultures across both patients.