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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2018 May;37(5):1235–1251. doi: 10.1002/etc.4091

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Conceptual diagram illustrating the application of chemical activity to addressing environmental problems. Step 1 involves the conversion of environmental concentrations and toxicity data to chemical activities based on solubility. Step 2 involves the evaluation of exposure and toxicity data expressed in terms of chemical activities. Step 3 involves the conversion of exposure, toxicity, and risk information expressed in chemical activities in terms of concentration units. Step 4 involves the monitoring of exposure, toxicity, and risk to measure the effectiveness of the solution to the environmental problem. a = chemical activity; C = concentration; S = solubility.