Table 2.
Anti-diabetic exposure before and after bladder cancer diagnosis
| Medicines | Frequency (%) | Years, median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
| Metformin use | ||
| Before NMIBC diagnosis | 523 (30) | 1.5 (0.6–3.2) |
| After NMIBC diagnosis | 813 (47) | 1.9 (0.6–3.7) |
| Glyburide use | ||
| Before NMIBC diagnosis | 419 (24) | 1.6 (0.5–3.7) |
| After NMIBC diagnosis | 545 (31) | 1.5 (0.5–3.4) |
| Thiazolidinedione use | ||
| Before NMIBC diagnosis | 23 (1) | 1.2 (0.4–2.3) |
| After NMIBC diagnosis | 53 (3) | 1.0 (0.4–2.9) |
| Other oral anti-diabetic agents use | ||
| Before NMIBC diagnosis | 90 (5) | 0.9 (0.3–1.5) |
| After NMIBC diagnosis | 297 (17) | 1.3 (0.4–2.5) |
| Insulin use | ||
| Before NMIBC diagnosis | 68 (4) | 0.5 (0.1–1.5) |
| After NMIBC diagnosis | 168 (10) | 0.3 (0.1–2.9) |
| Non-medical management | 245 (14) | — |
IQR: interquartile range; NMIBC: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.