Table 2.
Changes in Sleepiness and Well-Being from Baseline to Follow-ups
Baseline to 1 month | 1–9 months | Baseline to 9 months | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SEM | p | d | Mean ± SEM | p | d | Mean ± SEM | p | d | |
Sleepiness | |||||||||
KSS score | −0.39 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.07 | −0.45 ± 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.23 |
Problems staying awake | −0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.22 | −0.04 ± 0.08 | 0.64 | 0.05 | −0.27 ± 0.09 | 0.002 | 0.33 |
Refreshed after waking | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.26 | 0.14 ± 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.26 ± 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.28 |
Well-being | |||||||||
Depression score | −0.97 ± 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.20 | −0.28 ± 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.07 | −1.22 ± 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.27 |
Positive mood | 0.30 ± 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.05 | 1.07 ± 0.56 | 0.06 | 0.16 |
Negative mood | −1.01 ± 0.34 | 0.004 | 0.16 | 0.06 ± 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.01 | −0.98 ± 0.50 | 0.05 | 0.16 |
d, Cohen’s d. Significant findings are indicated in bold.