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. 2018 Feb 26;42(3):324–334. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy007

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© FEMS 2018.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Comparison of the LC3-conjugation pathway during canonical autophagy and Plasmodium-associated autophagy-related (PAAR) response. Upper panel: Autophagosome formation during canonical autophagy depends on the multiprotein complex ULK and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3) complex defining phagophore membranes with PI3P (orange). The lipid signal recruits the PI3P-dependent effector WIPI and the LC3-conjugation system to drive elongation of the LC3-positive phagophore (green). Both pathways share the LC3-conjugation system for LC3 lipidation (green box). Lower panel: PAAR response bypasses the canonical steps involved in the initiation, nucleation and elongation of the autophagosome. The pathway upstream of the LC3-conjugation system, which is important for the initiation of the response, and the recognition of the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) is unknown.