Table 4.
The independent association between demographic variables, comorbidities, and medication with the risk of developing lung cancer assessed by step wise Cox regression
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age per 10 years | 1.18 | (1.09–1.28) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 0.54 | (0.41–0.71) | <0.001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids, relative exposure* | 0.52 | (0.37–0.73) | <0.001 |
| Oral corticosteroids, relative exposure* | 0.45 | (0.22–0.90) | 0.02 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid, relative exposure* | 1.58 | (1.15–2.16) | 0.005 |
| LAMA, any use | 1.41 | (1.17–1.70) | <0.001 |
| N-acetylcysteine, any use | 1.31 | (1.09–1.59) | 0.005 |
| Oral corticosteroids, any use | 2.33 | (1.89–2.87) | <0.001 |
| SSRI, any use | 0.74 | (0.59–0.96) | 0.008 |
| Statins, any use | 0.76 | (0.61–0.96) | 0.02 |
Notes:
*
Calculated as the proportion of days covered of the drug, during the study period.
Abbreviations: LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.