Table 3.

t-tests comparing TTO scores between countries (Italy vs UK^a) (N = 447)

Health stateb utilities	Italy (n = 238)	UK (n = 209)	Difference between Italy and the UK	t-test
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	t-statistic	p-value
A. Oral treatment only	0.900 (0.097)	0.888 (0.120)	0.012 (0.108)	1.132	0.258
Health states with oral and injectable treatment
B. Reconstitution, waiting, needle handling	0.868 (0.109)	0.858 (0.165)	0.010 (0.138)	0.779	0.437
C. Reconstitution, waiting	0.872 (0.109)	0.863 (0.161)	0.009 (0.136)	0.681	0.496
D. Reconstitution, needle handling	0.879 (0.102)	0.868 (0.159)	0.011 (0.132)	0.885	0.377
E. Reconstitution	0.884 (0.100)	0.874 (0.157)	0.010 (0.130)	0.804	0.422
F. Needle handling	0.884 (0.101)	0.874 (0.156)	0.010 (0.130)	0.781	0.435
G. No inconveniences	0.890 (0.100)	0.878 (0.156)	0.012 (0.129)	0.989	0.323

Notes:

^aUK data adapted with permission from Matza LS, Boye KS, Stewart KD, Davies EW, Paczkowski R. Health state utilities associated with attributes of weekly injection devices for treatment of type 2 diabetes. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:774;¹¹

^bhealth states B to G include health state A, plus treatment with a weekly injection. Independent t-tests were used.

Abbreviation: TTO, time trade-off.