Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery with and without perioperative acute myocardial infarction.
| Perioperative AMI (n=8,085) |
No Perioperative AMI (n=3,653,144) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age | 73.0 ± 12.9 | 53.2 ± 19.2 |
| Female Sex | 3809 (47.1%) | 2422127 (66.3%) |
| Primary Payer | ||
| Medicare | 6158 (76.2%) | 1295437 (35.5%) |
| Medicaid | 494 (6.1%) | 599752 (16.4%) |
| Private insurance | 1073 (13.3%) | 1473608 (40.3%) |
| Self-pay | 157 (1.9%) | 106639 (2.9%) |
| No charge | 16 (0.2%) | 17038 (0.5%) |
| Other | 160 (2%) | 152901 (4.2%) |
| No Data | 26 (0.3%) | 7769 (0.2%) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Obesity | 1038 (12.8%) | 608636 (16.7%) |
| Tobacco (Current or Former) | 2301 (28.5%) | 813266 (22.3%) |
| Hypertension | 5700 (70.5%) | 1524962 (41.7%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3679 (45.5%) | 902900 (24.7%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 2870 (35.5%) | 600420 (16.4%) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 2327 (28.8%) | 197027 (5.4%) |
| End Stage Renal Disease | 440 (5.4%) | 22471 (0.6%) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 4311 (53.3%) | 339440 (9.3%) |
| Prior PCI | 852 (10.5%) | 93445 (2.6%) |
| Prior CABG | 869 (10.7%) | 81142 (2.2%) |
| Peripheral Artery Disease | 1664 (20.6%) | 123991 (3.4%) |
| History of TIA/Stroke | 560 (6.9%) | 100913 (2.8%) |
| History of Heart Failure | 2400 (29.7%) | 109089 (3.0%) |
| History of Venous | ||
| Thromboembolism | 252 (3.1%) | 76492 (2.1%) |
| Chronic Pulmonary disease | 1820 (22.5%) | 477703 (13.1%) |
| Alcohol Abuse | 272 (3.4%) | 69661 (1.9%) |
| Malignancy | 557 (6.9%) | 113976 (3.1%) |
| Anemia | 2043 (25.3%) | 442537 (12.1%) |
| Elective Surgical Admission | 2006 (24.8%) | 2203440 (60.3%) |
| Surgery Type | ||
| General | 1706 (21.1%) | 837215 (22.9%) |
| Genitourinary | 448 (5.5%) | 174314 (4.8%) |
| Neurosurgery | 297 (3.7%) | 201025 (5.5%) |
| Orthopedic | 3227 (39.9%) | 1320320 (36.1%) |
| Otolaryngology | 80 (1.0%) | 33699 (0.9%) |
| Skin/Breast | 411 (5.1%) | 126763 (3.5%) |
| Thoracic | 299 (3.7%) | 28168 (0.8%) |
| Vascular | 1548 (19.1%) | 103965 (2.8%) |
| Other | 70 (0.9%) | 827677 (22.7%) |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||
| Hospital Bed Size | ||
| Small | 947 (11.7%) | 607076 (16.6%) |
| Medium | 1961 (24.3%) | 1004294 (27.5%) |
| Large | 5180 (64.0%) | 2041774 (55.9%) |
| Control/ownership of hospital | ||
| Government, nonfederal | 993 (12.3%) | 440415 (12.1%) |
| Private, not-profit | 6142 (76.0%) | 2703077 (74%) |
| Private, invest-own | 951 (11.8%) | 509653 (14%) |
| Hospital urban-rural designation | ||
| Large metropolitan areas | 4043 (50.0%) | 1992615 (54.5%) |
| Small metropolitan areas | 3323 (41.1%) | 1354739 (37.1%) |
| Micropolitan areas | 613 (7.6%) | 239756 (6.6%) |
| Rural | 106 (1.3%) | 66035 (1.8%) |
| Index Length of Stay | 9 days (IQR 6 - 19) | 3 days (IQR 2 - 4) |
| Index Total Charges | $28,874 (IQR $17,388 - $65,906) |
$11,052 (IQR $6,878 - $16,798) |
*
All P-values for comparison <0.001