Table 4. Univariate regression analysis for AKI stage 2 and 3.
| n | OR | OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study parameters | ||||
| Renal Resistive Index | 99 | 1.012 | 1.006–1.019 | <0.001 |
| Vessel Density (n/mm) | 69 | 1.145 | 0.908–1.443 | 0.253 |
| Perfused Vessel Density (n/mm) | 69 | 1.075 | 0.828–1.394 | 0.588 |
| Percentage of Perfused Vessel (%) | 69 | 0.989 | 0.952–1.027 | 0.568 |
| Microvascular Flow Index (MFI) | 69 | 0.580 | 0.223–1.513 | 0.266 |
| Resistance (R/m) | 96 | 0.997 | 0.990–1.005 | 0.490 |
| Reactance (Xc/m) | 96 | 0.918 | 0.861–0.978 | 0.008 |
| Phase Angle | 96 | 0.586 | 0.399–0.861 | 0.007 |
| Systemic circulation | ||||
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 99 | 0.969 | 0.930–1.009 | 0.125 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 99 | 0.983 | 0.961–1.005 | 0.123 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 99 | 0.978 | 0.932–1.027 | 0.380 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 99 | 1.021 | 0.994–1.048 | 0.134 |
| Mixed venous oxygen saturation | 66 | 0.943 | 0.883–1.007 | 0.081 |
| Cardiac Output | 31 | 0.809 | 0.434–1.506 | 0.504 |
| Central venous pressure | 43 | 1.202 | 1.014–1.425 | 0.034 |
| Vasopressor support | 99 | 0.233 | 0.093–0.582 | 0.002 |
| Norepinephrine dose (mL/kg/h)a | 99 | 1.259 | 1.110–1.428 | <0.001 |
| Hydration state | ||||
| Fluid balance (L)b | 99 | 1.530 | 1.242–1.885 | 0.001 |
| Diuresis (L) | 99 | 0.718 | 0.422–1.222 | 0.222 |
| Renal function at inclusion | ||||
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min/1.73m2)c | 98 | 0.967 | 0.953–0.982 | <0.001 |
| Urea (mmol/24h) | 97 | 0.997 | 0.992–1.002 | 0.248 |
| Sodium (mmol/24h) | 95 | 0.976 | 0.962–0.989 | 0.001 |
| Micro-albumin (mg/24h) | 98 | 1.001 | 0.998–1.004 | 0.441 |
| Albumin/Creatinine ratio | 98 | 1.015 | 0.996–1.034 | 0.133 |
| Other | ||||
| Age | 99 | 1.038 | 1.002–1.076 | 0.041 |
| APACHE III score | 99 | 1.031 | 1.015–1.048 | <0.001 |
| Pre-admission creatinine (μmol/L) | 99 | 1.046 | 1.019–1.073 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 99 | 1.068 | 0.967–1.179 | 0.196 |
| Use of nephrotoxic drugsd | 99 | 0.531 | 0.149–1.892 | 0.329 |
| Diabetes | 99 | 0.466 | 0.161–1.350 | 0.159 |
APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation. BMI: Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
a Norepinephrine dose at times of RRI measurement
b Fluid balance at inclusion starting from ICU admission until measurements (<24h after admission)
c Calculated through a 4-hour urine portion
d e.g. aminoglycosides, vancomycin, aciclovir, chemotherapeutics, NSAIDs etc. Including radiocontrast