Table S1.

Definitions of baseline comorbidities

Baseline comorbidities	Definitions
Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia	Definitions of hypertension,1 diabetes,2 and dyslipidemia3 are conformed to current guidelines.
Smoker	Smoker includes both previous and current smoker.
Chronic kidney dysfunction (CKD)	CKD is defined as a known history of CKD based on patients’ medical records or an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min calculated using CKD-EPI method.4
Congestive heart failure (CHF)	CHF is considered in patients with a history of heart failure or a measured left ventricular ejection fraction <40%.
Vascular disease	Vascular disease is defined as a medical history of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery, intermittent claudication, or the surgery of peripheral vessels.
Cardiac arrest	Cardiac arrest is defined as hemodynamic collapse from ventricular arrhythmias and impaired cardiac pumping function, where patients needed to be revived urgently with vasoactive medications or electrical defibrillation.
Impaired mitral function	The impaired mitral function is considered if mitral regurgitation is evaluated as moderate or serious based on current guideline.5

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney dysfunction; CHF, congestive heart failure.