Table 2. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) associations with prevalence of HIV-1 infection in STI clinic patients, Zimbabwe– 2014–2015.

	HIV positive–n (%)	HIV negative–n (%)	OR (95% CI)
Overall	201 (41.1)	288 (58.9)
Presenting STI syndrome
Male discharge	43 (28.5)	108 (71.5)	Ref
Female discharge	64 (40.5)	94 (59.5)	1.71 (1.06–2.75)
Male ulcer	42 (45.2)	51 (54.8)	2.07 (1.21–3.55)
Female ulcer	52 (59.8)	35 (40.2)	3.73 (2.14–6.50)
N. gonorrhoeae infection
Men
Positive	40 (33.3)	80 (66.7)	0.88 (0.52–1.49)
Negative	45 (36.3)	79 (63.7)	Ref
Women
Positive	39 (62.9)	23 (37.1)	2.33 (1.29–4.22)
Negative	77 (42.1)	106 (57.9)	Ref
C. trachomatis infection
Men
Positive	14 (25.5)	41 (74.5)	0.57 (0.29–1.11)
Negative	71 (37.6)	118 (62.4)	Ref
Women
Positive	16 (39.0)	25 (61.0)	0.67 (0.34–1.32)
Negative	100 (49.0)	104 (51.0)	Ref
Bacterial vaginosis (women)
Positive	15 (38.5)	24 (61.5)	0.97 (0.44–2.15)
Negative	29 (39.2)	45 (60.8)	Ref
Vaginal candidiasis (women)
Positive	12 (38.7)	19 (61.3)	0.98 (0.41–2.32)
Negative	29 (39.2)	45 (60.8)	Ref
Herpes Simplex Virus ulcer swab
Men
Positive	22 (61.1)	14 (38.9)	2.91 (1.23–6.89)
Negative	20 (35.1)	37 (64.9)	Ref
Women
Positive	26 (76.5)	8 (23.5)	3.38 (1.29–8.80)
Negative	26 (49.1)	27 (50.9)	Ref
T. pallidum ulcer swab
Men
Positive	7 (41.2)	10 (58.8)	0.82 (0.28–2.38)
Negative	35 (46.1)	41 (53.9)	Ref
Women
Positive	10 (83.3)	2 (16.7)	3.93 (0.81–19.17)
Negative	42 (56.0)	33 (44.0)	Ref
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
Positive	29 (58.0)	21 (42.0)	2.14 (1.18–3.88)
Negative	172 (39.2)	267 (60.8)	Ref
Treponemal aemagglutination (TPHA) test
Positive	43 (60.6)	28 (39.4)	2.48 (1.47–4.17)
Negative	137 (38.3)	221 (61.7)	Ref

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.