Hyperosmotic induction of COX-2 is mediated by p38, but not by ERK or JNK.
A and B, phospho-p38 (p-p38) levels significantly increase in response to hyperosmolarity. C and D, hyperosmotic increase of COX-2 mRNA is completely suppressed by p38 inhibitor, SB202190, but unaffected by JNK inhibitor, SP600125, and MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059. E, Western blot images showing that p38 inhibition prevents COX-2 induction in response to hyperosmolarity. F, Western blot images showing that ionomycin/PMA (I + P)-mediated COX-2 induction is not affected by p38 inhibition. G, densitometry analyses of Western blots shown in E and F. All the quantitative data are represented as mean ± S.D. from at least three independent experiments (three biological replicates). NS: nonsignificant; *, p < 0.05. PD: PD98059 (MEK/ERK inhibitor); SB90: SB202190 (p38 inhibitor); SP: SP600125 (JNK inhibitor).