Figure 10.
The hydrophobic patch and surrounding cationic ring in spider venom GMTs promotes NaV channel promiscuity. HnTx-IV (PDB code 1NIY) is shown as a representative GMT with hydrophobic patch (green), positively charged residues (blue), and anionic amino acid residues (red). A cartoon representation of a NaV channel is shown (adapted from Ref. 24), with the putative GMT target sequences of NaV1.2, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7 also shown to highlight the conserved hydrophobic amino acid residues (boldface yellow type with cross below) and anionic amino acid residues (boldface red type with asterisk below).