NaV subtype selectivity of GMTs. Two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology on oocytes was used to examine the effects of GMTs NaV1.2, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, and NaV1.6. All GMTs promiscuously modulated the activity of all NaV channels tested, with GpTx-I, HwTx-IV, and HnTx-IV showing the best overall selectivity. SgTx-I showed an increase in current influx for NaV channel subtypes; therefore, I30 ms/Ipeak is shown for this peptide. Data for the remaining eight peptides were normalized to maximum current inhibition. Error bars, S.E., where n = 3.