Table 2.
Prevalence of speech and language impairments among monolingual HIV-exposed uninfected participants.
| Impairment Type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Domain | Primary | Concomitanta | None | Total |
| 3b | Speech | 13 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 159 (91%) | 175 |
| Language | 25 (13%) | 3 (2%) | 164 (84%) | 195d | |
| Vocabulary | 35 (19%) | 4 (2%) | 146 (78%) | 186e | |
| 5c | Speech | 13 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 163 (91%) | 179 |
| Language | 66 (16%) | 71 (17%) | 276 (67%) | 414e | |
| Vocabulary | 30 (7%) | 36 (9%) | 350 (84%) | 416 | |
| Grammar | 59 (14%) | 49 (12%) | 306 (74%) | 415e | |
Concomitant Impairment indicates speech or language impairment concurrent with hearing or cognitive impairment (determined within one year of the 3rd or 5th birthday)
Age three impairments based on the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (speech), Test of Early Language Development (language), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (vocabulary).
Age five impairments based on the Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (speech), and Test of Language Development (language, vocabulary, grammar).
3 children with language impairment that could not be classified as primary or concomitant because they did not complete the cognitive assessment were excluded
1 child with language impairment that could not be classified as primary or concomitant because they did not complete the cognitive assessment was excluded