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. 2018 Jun 11;8:8841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27295-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) 8W10E PET cultureware from AB¹⁶ with 8 wells of 0.8 cm². (B) Cells are measured on top of the 10 circular gold electrodes, e₁ (A_elec), with total electrode area A = 10 × A_elec. The sensing area is the sum of the 10 e₁ gold electrodes, (A). (C) Photomicrograph of AA8 cells partially covering the area A_elec of a circular electrode.