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. 2018 Jun 11;8:8841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27295-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Measured time evolution of the oscillation frequency (A) and amplitude (B) of the voltage signal V_cell. The curves correspond to 2500 cells (W1, W3), 5000 cells (W4, W5) and 10000 cells (W7, W8), seeded at t = 0 into separate well pairs. Wells W2 and W6 contain only medium. Dips in Fig. 8 are due to noise influence. Signals (currents and voltages) on electrodes and cells must be small enough to avoid damage in cells and preserve the linear model for the electrode-solution. These facts increase the sensitivity of measurements to noise sources and, decreases the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in measurements.