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. 2018 Jun 11;8:8903. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27303-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The variables of non-glycolytic tumor plotted versus time. (A) The number of proliferative and quiescent cancer cells grows in linear and non-linear modes, respectively; while the number of dead cells remains unchanged throughout. (B,C) The tumor grows exponentially and the population ratios of cancer cells grow asymptotically to a fixed value before day 30. (D) The tumor ATP yield reduces by 2.4% due to nutrient depletion and is restored to normal levels after angiogenic switch. (E) Mean oxygen concentration is lowered below the hypoxic and later restored via recruitment of neo-vasculature while glucose content remains almost intact. (F) Microenvironmental pH drops up to 0.1 units and is later restored to normal values due to the existence of neo-vasculature.