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. 2018 Jun 11;8:8848. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27252-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of reminder duration persist through re-extinction and reinstatement. Means with 95% confidence intervals in each group in the early and late phases of re-extinction (recovery) and reinstatement. Confidence intervals that do not cross the vertical dashed line at zero indicate that the corresponding contrast is different from zero and thus statistically significant. The results show memory recovery (significant stimulus discrimination in early re-extinction) in the no-reminder, 30 s and 3 min reminder groups, but not in the 1 s and 4 s reminder groups. Stimulus discrimination was then extinguished in all groups (late re-extinction) and recovered only in the no-reminder and 3 min reminder groups (early reinstatement).