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. 2018 May 28;6(5):e120. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.9604

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©Nicholas J Conn, Karl Q Schwarz, David A Borkholder. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 28.05.2018.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mhealth and uhealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Stainless-steel electrodes are integrated into the seat and are connected directly to the integrated ECG analog front-end. The output of each front-end is low-impedance, allowing for a low-noise connection to the differential ECG amplifier inside of the BIOPAC MP150 system (left). The resulting full-scale ECG signal is acquired on a NI CompactRIO DAQ. For the HF subject study, all instrumentation and data acquisition circuitry are integrated into the toilet seat (right). DAQ: data acquisition system; ECG: electrocardiogram; bECG: buttocks ECG; NI: National Instruments; HF: heart failure.