Table 4A.
Group words: Means, standard deviations, z-scores, p-values, and effect sizes of performance accuracy by listeners' gender.
| Stimulus type | Emotion category | Female | Male | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | M (SD) | n | M (SD) | z | p | d | ||
| Anna | Angry | 71 | 0.86 (0.09) | 74 | 0.83 (0.12) | 1.26 | 1.00 | 0.26 |
| Fear | 71 | 0.57 (0.16) | 74 | 0.54 (0.15) | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.17 | |
| Happy | 71 | 0.29 (0.11) | 74 | 0.29 (0.11) | −0.23 | 1.00 | 0.01 | |
| Neutral | 71 | 0.80 (0.16) | 74 | 0.82 (0.14) | −0.43 | 1.00 | 0.12 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.63 (0.06) | 74 | 0.62 (0.06) | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.15 | |
| Pseudo-words | Angry | 71 | 0.92 (0.09) | 74 | 0.89 (0.12) | 1.48 | 0.967 | 0.24 |
| Disgust | 71 | 0.65 (0.22) | 74 | 0.56 (0.22) | 2.65 | 0.057 | 0.41 | |
| Fear | 71 | 0.60 (0.19) | 74 | 0.58 (0.19) | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.15 | |
| Happy | 71 | 0.58 (0.17) | 74 | 0.54 (0.21) | 1.27 | 1.00 | 0.23 | |
| Neutral | 71 | 0.74 (0.16) | 74 | 0.74 (0.20) | −0.50 | 1.00 | 0.00 | |
| Sad | 71 | 0.54 (0.29) | 74 | 0.51 (0.28) | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.11 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.67 (0.11) | 74 | 0.64 (0.12) | 1.74 | 0.572 | 0.32 | |
| Semantic positive nouns | Angry | 71 | 0.84 (0.11) | 74 | 0.81 (0.13) | 1.69 | 0.637 | 0.30 |
| Disgust | 71 | 0.59 (0.22) | 74 | 0.57 (0.23) | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.11 | |
| Fear | 71 | 0.74 (0.16) | 74 | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.08 | |
| Happy | 71 | 0.67 (0.14) | 74 | 0.64 (0.15) | 1.31 | 1.00 | 0.22 | |
| Neutral | 71 | 0.81 (0.15) | 74 | 0.80 (0.15) | 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.11 | |
| Sad | 71 | 0.62 (0.26) | 74 | 0.56 (0.27) | 1.28 | 1.00 | 0.21 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.71 (0.08) | 74 | 0.68 (0.09) | 1.96 | 0.352 | 0.34 | |
| Semantic negative nouns | Angry | 71 | 0.85 (0.12) | 74 | 0.84 (0.11) | 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.08 |
| Disgust | 71 | 0.55 (0.21) | 74 | 0.56 (0.22) | −0.35 | 1.00 | 0.07 | |
| Fear | 71 | 0.77 (0.13) | 74 | 0.74 (0.15) | 1.42 | 1.00 | 0.23 | |
| Happy | 71 | 0.64 (0.15) | 74 | 0.64 (0.19) | −0.60 | 1.00 | 0.01 | |
| Neutral | 71 | 0.81 (0.17) | 74 | 0.81 (0.16) | 0.18 | 1.00 | 0.01 | |
| Sad | 71 | 0.63 (0.26) | 74 | 0.59 (0.26) | 1.26 | 1.00 | 0.19 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.71 (0.07) | 74 | 0.69 (0.09) | 0.62 | 1.00 | 0.15 | |
| Semantic neutral nouns | Angry | 71 | 0.89 (0.10) | 74 | 0.88 (0.10) | 1.08 | 1.00 | 0.16 |
| Disgust | 71 | 0.55 (0.21) | 74 | 0.54 (0.21) | 0.24 | 1.00 | 0.03 | |
| Fear | 71 | 0.75 (0.17) | 74 | 0.72 (0.18) | 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.15 | |
| Happy | 71 | 0.68 (0.15) | 74 | 0.67 (0.20) | −0.22 | 1.00 | 0.06 | |
| Neutral | 71 | 0.89 (0.13) | 74 | 0.87 (0.14) | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.12 | |
| Sad | 71 | 0.51 (0.28) | 74 | 0.47 (0.27) | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.16 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.71 (0.08) | 74 | 0.69 (0.10) | 1.17 | 1.00 | 0.23 | |
| Overall | 71 | 0.69 (0.07) | 74 | 0.67 (0.08) | 1.39 | 0.163 | 0.31 | |
The group comparisons between males and females were made using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The decoding performance accuracy was higher for females as indicated by positive z-scores and higher for males as indicated by negative z-scores. The tests were conducted for each emotion separately, across all emotions and stimulus types. All p-values were Bonferroni corrected.