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. 2018 Jun 5;9:745. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00745

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Copyright © 2018 Trevaskis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The major pathways controlling crop development. Simplified schematics of plant architecture, a dicot (top, based on Arabidopsis) versus a monocot (below, based on barley), are shown with key regulators of core different developmental processes indicated. In dicots these include; meristem identity regulated by APETALA1 (AP1); determinacy regulated by TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1); internode elongation via gibberellin (GA) and DELLA proteins; photoperiod-induced flowering mediated FLOWERING LOCUST (FT); branching BRANCHED1 (BRC1). Similar genes control the equivalent processes in monocots but a key point of difference is that the vernalization response is controlled by different genes in Arabidopsis versus cereals; FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), respectively. The phytomer unit is shown (dotted line box).