Table 2.

Circadian oscillator genes that influence crop development.

Clock Gene	Crop	Traits	Reference
PSEUDORESPONSE-REGULATOR37 (PRR37/(PPD1)	Wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, beet.	Photoperiod requirement, duration of inflorescence development, grain yield, biomass, plant height. Vernalization requirement (bolting of beet).	Turner et al., 2005; Murphy et al., 2011; Pin et al., 2012; Koo et al., 2013
EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3)	Wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea, pea, soybean.	Photoperiod requirement, duration of inflorescence development, grain yield, biomass, plant height, leaf greenness.	Faure et al., 2012; Zakhrabekova et al., 2012; Zikhali et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2017; Ridge et al., 2017
GIGANTEA (GI)	Canola.	Natural variation in biological rhythms, flowering time.	Xie et al., 2015
LUX, PHYTOCLOCK1	Wheat, barley.	Photoperiod requirement, duration of inflorescence development.	Mizuno et al., 2012; Campoli et al., 2013; Gawroński et al., 2014
EMPFINDLICHER IM DUNKELROTEN LICHT 1∗ (EID1)EID1	Tomato.	Natural variation in biological rhythms, adaptation of biological rhythms to long days.	Müller et al., 2016

^∗German for more sensitive to far-red light. PPD1, PHOTOPERIOD1.