Table 2:

Univariate analysis of the risk factors for pain

Variable	1 (mild pain) vs 0 (no pain)		2 (severe pain) vs 0 (no pain)
Age (yr)	Estimate	P-value	Estimate	P-value
45–49	Reference
50–54	0.1949	0.0878	0.2569	0.0515
55–59	0.1112	0.3215	0.5937	<.0001
60–64	0.2053	0.0455	0.7795	<.0001
65–69	0.2076	0.0680	0.6841	<.0001
70–74	0.2495	0.0382	0.7397	<.0001
75+	0.2235	0.0693	0.6410	<.0001
Gender
Male	Reference
Female	0.4540	<.0001	0.7816	<.0001
Marital status
Non-married	Reference
Married	−0.2339	0.0019	−0.04423	0.0019
Smoking
Non-smoker	Reference
Smoker	−0.2302	0.0001	0.3624	<.0001
Type 3		<.0001		<.0001
Drinking
Former drinker	Reference
Never drinker	0.0106	0.8959	−0.0814	0.4314
Regular drinker	−0.2732	0.0047	−0.5327	<.0001
Occasional drinker	0.1167	0.0024	−0.4967	0.0024
Disability
No	Reference
Yes	0.4748	<.0001	1.0588	<.0001
Food expenditure (Yuan)
If ≤66.8	Reference
If >66.8 and ≤139.4	0.0896	0.1672	−0.0100	0.9039
If >139.4 and ≤290.1	−0.00136	0.9841	−0.4190	<.0001
If >290.1	−0.0308	0.7184	0.5350	<.0001
Education level
Illiterate	Reference
Primary	−0.3730	<.0001	−0.8404	<.0001
High School or above	−0.4526	<.0001	−1.3549	<.0001
Liberate	−0.1314	0.0477	−0.3308	0.0002
Residence
Rural	Reference
Urban	−0.3156	<.0001	−0.8401	<.0001
Occupation
Non-agriculture	Reference
Agriculture	0.2206	<.0001	0.2956	<.0001
Disease
No	Reference
Yes	0.4738	0.0002	0.8214	<.0001