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. 2018 Apr 30;8(11):3074–3086. doi: 10.7150/thno.24281

Figure 1.

Figure 1

MMP1 was a key factor during the invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. (A) PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cells were co-cultured with TAMs for 24 h and reseeded into Transwell plates. TAMs enhanced pancreatic carcinoma cell migration and invasion. (B) Nerve invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells in a Matrigel/dorsal root ganglion (DRG) model. Eight days after implantation, cancer cells pre-co-cultured with TAMs exhibited extensive nerve invasion. (C) Microarray, qPCR, and ELISA analyses revealed that MMP1 was the most upregulated cytokine in pancreatic carcinoma cells after co-culture with TAMs. (D) Upregulation of MMP1 enhanced PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cell migration and invasion, which was inhibited by shRNA targeting MMP1. (E) MMP-1 overexpression enhanced PNI, which was inhibited by PAR1 antagonist or shRNA targeting MMP1. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.