Table 2.
Models of the diffusion parameters in WMC, parahippocampal and normal-appearing WM with all neuroimaging markers
| Parameters | MD (β; p-value) | DA (β; p-value) | DR (β; p-value) | FA (β; p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | WMC (subgroup with volume >1% total WM volume, n = 118) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | 0.03; 0.6332 | 0.04; 0.5480 | 0.02; 0.6976 | 0.01; 0.8862 |
| Group (AD) | 0.11; 0.1604 | 0.07; 0.3995 | 0.14; 0.0912 | −0.27; 0.0229 |
| Age | 0.07; 0.1938 | 0.04; 0.4654 | 0.08; 0.1118 | −0.18; 0.0167 |
| Gender (female) | 0.04; 0.4210 | 0.03; 0.4923 | 0.04; 0.3949 | −0.06; 0.3937 |
| Education | 0.10; 0.0280 | 0.08; 0.0631 | 0.11; 0.0200 | −0.12; 0.0831 |
| Cortical thickness | 0.03; 0.6039 | −0.01; 0.8331 | 0.05; 0.3521 | *−0.24; 0.0029 |
| Hippocampal vol. | 0.08; 0.2628 | 0.07; 0.3264 | 0.08; 0.2439 | −0.13; 0.2131 |
| Ventricular volume | ***0.55; <0.0001 | ***0.60; <0.0001 | ***0.51; <0.0001 | 0.15; 0.0712 |
| Volume of WMC | *−0.26; 0.0015 | **−0.27; 0.0007 | *−0.25; 0.0026 | −0.07; 0.4984 |
| Total WM volume | −0.15; 0.0042 | −0.14; 0.0085 | *−0.16; 0.0036 | 0.12; 0.1270 |
| Norm. properties | ***0.55; <0.0001 | ***0.50; <0.0001 | ***0.57; <0.0001 | ***0.61; <0.0001 |
| Translation motion | 0.21; 0.0218 | 0.13; 0.1435 | 0.26; 0.0069 | **−0.50; 0.0002 |
| Rotation motion | −0.19; 0.0350 | −0.14; 0.1144 | −0.22; 0.0187 | 0.29; 0.0254 |
|
| ||||
| Model 2 | Parahippocampal WM (all, n = 215) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | −0.08; 0.3057 | −0.02; 0.8662 | −0.11; 0.1425 | 0.13; 0.0802 |
| Group (AD) | 0.16; 0.1809 | 0.06; 0.6554 | 0.20; 0.0756 | −0.23; 0.0367 |
| Age | 0.03; 0.6548 | −0.00; 0.9909 | 0.05; 0.4887 | −0.11; 0.1210 |
| Gender (female) | −0.01; 0.8554 | −0.06; 0.4412 | 0.01; 0.8476 | −0.11; 0.0633 |
| Education | 0.05; 0.4451 | 0.01; 0.8321 | 0.06; 0.2978 | −0.10; 0.0900 |
| Cortical thickness | −0.11; 0.1440 | −0.02; 0.7771 | −0.15; 0.0391 | 0.19; 0.0091 |
| Hippocampal vol. | **−0.32; 0.0008 | *−0.31; 0.0038 | **−0.30; 0.0007 | 0.19; 0.0274 |
| Ventricular volume | 0.02; 0.8150 | 0.00; 0.9282 | 0.03; 0.7291 | 0.01; 0.9291 |
| Volume of WMC | 0.13; 0.1038 | 0.15; 0.1004 | 0.11; 0.1361 | −0.05; 0.5017 |
| Total WM volume | −0.02; 0.8370 | 0.11; 0.2064 | −0.08; 0.2762 | *0.23; 0.0012 |
| Translation motion | −0.01; 0.9051 | 0.03; 0.8128 | −0.03; 0.7428 | 0.08; 0.4395 |
| Rotation motion | 0.11; 0.3269 | 0.01; 0.9165 | 0.16; 0.1505 | −0.25; 0.0216 |
|
| ||||
| Model 3 | Normal-appearing white matter (all, n = 215) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | 0.11; 0.0994 | 0.17; 0.0323 | 0.09; 0.2027 | 0.02; 0.8058 |
| Group (AD) | −0.09; 0.3685 | −0.10; 0.4079 | −0.09; 0.3804 | 0.07; 0.5049 |
| Age | 0.09; 0.1603 | 0.13; 0.0694 | 0.07; 0.2754 | 0.00; 0.9891 |
| Gender (female) | 0.05; 0.3410 | 0.06; 0.3216 | 0.05; 0.3855 | −0.04; 0.5233 |
| Education | 0.10; 0.0574 | 0.10; 0.1040 | 0.10; 0.0550 | −0.07; 0.2079 |
| Cortical thickness | −0.08; 0.2342 | −0.07; 0.3574 | −0.08; 0.2104 | 0.03; 0.6393 |
| Hippocampal vol. | −0.05; 0.5035 | −0.16; 0.0741 | −0.00; 0.9772 | −0.09; 0.2914 |
| Ventricular volume | 0.04; 0.5349 | 0.11; 0.1534 | 0.01; 0.8824 | 0.11; 0.1174 |
| Volume of WMC | ***0.36; <0.0001 | 0.20; 0.0108 | ***0.42; <0.0001 | ***−0.51; <0.0001 |
| Total WM volume | −0.14; 0.0323 | −0.02; 0.7400 | *−0.19; 0.0033 | **0.23; 0.0005 |
| Translation motion | −0.15; 0.1322 | −0.29; 0.0100 | −0.08; 0.4058 | −0.16; 0.1094 |
| Rotation motion | ***0.40; <0.0001 | ***0.48; <0.0001 | **0.36; 0.0003 | −0.16; 0.1068 |
All continuous variables were standardized prior to applying the model for easier comparison of parameter estimates (β).
Uncorrected p-values are presented and significant associations with corrected p < 0.05 are bolded (*, ** and *** for corrected p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively).
Associations with uncorrected p < 0.05 are italicized. (WMC, white matter changes; WM, white matter).