Table 4.
Models of the diffusion parameters in WMC, parahippocampal and normal-appearing WM with factors extracted from the neuroimaging markers
| Parameters | MD (β; p-value) | DA (β; p-value) | DR (β; p-value) | FA (β; p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 4 | WMC (subgroup with volume >1% total WM volume, n = 118) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | 0.01; 0.8798 | 0.02; 0.7787 | 0.00; 0.9526 | 0.02; 0.8207 |
| Group (AD) | −0.05; 0.6085 | −0.10; 0.2634 | −0.01; 0.9043 | −0.25; 0.0296 |
| Age | −0.00; 0.9990 | −0.02; 0.7591 | 0.01; 0.8300 | *−0.22; 0.0032 |
| Gender (female) | 0.05; 0.3867 | 0.05; 0.3649 | 0.05; 0.3834 | −0.12; 0.0967 |
| Education | 0.13; 0.0202 | 0.11; 0.0499 | 0.14; 0.0129 | −0.11; 0.1103 |
| Factor 1 | ***−0.50; <0.0001 | ***−0.52; <0.0001 | ***−0.47; <0.0001 | −0.10; 0.2073 |
| Factor 2 | −0.17; 0.0050 | **−0.23; 0.0003 | −0.14; 0.0262 | ***−0.32; <0.0001 |
| Norm. properties | ***0.88; <0.0001 | ***0.85; <0.0001 | ***0.88; <0.0001 | ***0.57; <0.0001 |
| Translation motion | 0.06; 0.5509 | −0.02; 0.8665 | 0.11; 0.2917 | **−0.49; 0.0003 |
| Rotation motion | −0.12; 0.2770 | −0.06; 0.5828 | −0.15; 0.1672 | 0.29; 0.0360 |
|
| ||||
| Model 5 | Parahippocampal WM (all, n = 215) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | −0.06; 0.4451 | 0.01; 0.9214 | −0.09; 0.2168 | 0.12; 0.0989 |
| Group (AD) | 0.24; 0.0390 | 0.14; 0.2821 | 0.28; 0.0121 | −0.28; 0.0098 |
| Age | 0.06; 0.3914 | 0.03; 0.7563 | 0.08; 0.2599 | −0.14; 0.0416 |
| Gender (female) | −0.05; 0.4092 | −0.11; 0.1036 | −0.02; 0.7927 | −0.12; 0.0294 |
| Education | 0.04; 0.5012 | 0.01; 0.9297 | 0.06; 0.3269 | −0.10; 0.0909 |
| Factor 1 | ***−0.32; <0.0001 | −0.19; 0.0317 | ***−0.36; <0.0001 | ***0.35; <0.0001 |
| Factor 2 | *−0.22; 0.0019 | −0.13; 0.0991 | **−0.25; 0.0002 | **0.24; 0.0003 |
| Translation motion | 0.04; 0.7069 | 0.10; 0.4426 | 0.01;0.9173 | 0.07; 0.5302 |
| Rotation motion | 0.07; 0.5298 | −0.04; 0.7845 | 0.12; 0.2564 | −0.24; 0.0274 |
|
| ||||
| Model 6 | Normal-appearing white matter (all, n = 215) | |||
|
| ||||
| Group (MCI) | 0.12; 0.0935 | 0.17; 0.0243 | 0.09; 0.2087 | 0.01; 0.8535 |
| Group (AD) | −0.14; 0.1812 | −0.09; 0.4349 | −0.15; 0.1297 | 0.16; 0.1469 |
| Age | 0.13; 0.0381 | 0.14; 0.0409 | 0.12; 0.0534 | −0.08; 0.2365 |
| Gender (female) | 0.06; 0.2490 | 0.04; 0.5131 | 0.07; 0.1881 | −0.08; 0.1667 |
| Education | 0.08; 0.1431 | 0.09; 0.1312 | 0.07; 0.1834 | −0.03; 0.6176 |
| Factor 1 | ***−0.44; <0.0001 | **−0.35; 0.0003 | ***−0.46; <0.0001 | ***0.39; <0.0001 |
| Factor 2 | *−0.19; 0.0023 | −0.18; 0.0066 | *−0.18; 0.0029 | 0.10; 0.1356 |
| Translation motion | −0.13; 0.1977 | −0.27; 0.0166 | −0.06; 0.5319 | −0.19; 0.0917 |
| Rotation motion | **0.40; 0.0001 | ***0.46; <0.0001 | **0.35; 0.0006 | −0.16; 0.1407 |
All continuous variables were standardized prior to applying the model for easier comparison of parameter estimates (β).
Uncorrected p-values are presented and significant associations with corrected p < 0.05 are bolded (*, ** and *** for corrected p < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively).
Associations with uncorrected p < 0.05 are italicized. (WMC, white matter changes; WM, white matter).