Table 2.
Frequency of the observed neuropsychiatric manifestations of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) compared with international studies.
| Neuropsychiatric manifestations of JSLE | Present study N= 146 |
Parikh
(1995) [4] N= 108 |
Sibbitt (2002) [6] N= 130 |
Yancey (1981) [7] N= 37 |
Steinlin (1995) [8] N= 91 |
Menunier (2004) [12] N= 155 |
Singh (2009) [13] N= 53 |
Quintero (2000) [14] N= 86 |
Olfat (2004)[15] N= 90 |
Gheith (2017)[16] N= 78 |
Turkel (2001) [17] N= 10 |
Zambran (2014) [18] N= 90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Iran | USA | USA | USA | Canada | France | India | USA | Saudi Arabia | Egypt | USA | Colombia |
| Prevalence (%) | 28.1 | 23.1 | 95 | 43.2 | 44 | 17 | 50.9 | 28 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 100 | 33.3 |
| Headache | 13 | 14.8 | 72 | 18.9 | 9.8 | 59.2 | 36.9 | 18.6 | 12.2 | 3.8 | 20 | 36 |
| Seizure disorder | 9.5 | 4.6 | 51 | 13.5 | 6.5 | 22.2 | 35.9 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 2.56 | 70 | 50 |
| Mood disorders | 5.4 | 8.3 | 57 | 16.2 | - | 29.6 | 9.4 | - | 11.1 | 7.69 | 100 | 36 |
| Psychosis | 2.1 | 0.9 | 12 | 8.1 | 12.08 | - | 9.4 | - | - | - | 70 | - |
| Movement disorder | 3.4 | 3.7 | 7 | - | 1.09 | 3.7 | 5.6 | - | 4.4 | 2.3 | - | - |
| Loss of consciousness | 2.7 | - | 35 | 5.4 | - | - | 17 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 2.56 | - | - |
| Cranial nerve involvement | 0.7 | 2.7 | - | 8.1 | - | - | 1.8 | 4.6 | 2.2 | - | 20 | - |
| cerebrovascular disease | 5.3 | - | 12 | - | 6.5 | 11.1 | 11.3 | - | 6.6 | 6.9 | - | 26 |
| Pseudotumor cerebri | 1.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.4 | - | - |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 0.7 | - | 15 | 2.7 | - | - | 5.6 | - | - | 1.28 | 20 | 13 |
| Aseptic meningitis | 0.7 | - | 1 | - | 1.09 | - | 3.7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Palsy | 2.1 | 1.8 | - | 8.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Plegia | 1.4 | 3.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Spasticity | 0.7 | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |