Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study cohorts overall and within hemoglobin strata
| Baseline ESA Nonusers | Baseline ESA Users | ESA Naives | Source population | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hb 8–10 g/dL (N = 761) |
Hb 10.1–10.5 g/dL (N = 780) |
Hb >10.5 g/dL (N = 30,658) |
All (N = 32,199) |
Hb 8–11 g/dL (N = 79) |
Hb 11.1–12.5 g/dL (N = 30) |
All (N = 109) |
Hb 8–10 g/dL (N = 193) |
Hb >10 g/dL (N = 73) |
All (N = 266) |
All (N = 35,509) |
|
| Age (years) mean ± SD | 78.6 ± 11.5 | 78.4 ± 11.3 | 76.1 ± 10.8 | 76.2 ± 10.8 | 78.1 ± 12.5 | 81.2 ± 7.9 | 78.9 ± 11.5 | 78.0 ± 10.7 | 79.1 ± 11.3 | 78.3 ± 10.9 | 76.1 ± 10.8 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||||
| Male | 228 (30.0) | 220 (28.2) | 11,638 (38.0) | 12,086 (37.6) | 31 (39.2) | 9 (30.0) | 40 (36.7) | 79 (40.9) | 23 (31.5) | 102 (38.4) | 13,456 (37.9) |
| Female | 533 (70.0) | 560 (71.8) | 19,020 (62.0) | 20,113 (62.5) | 48 (60.8) | 21 (70.0) | 69 (63.3) | 114 (59.1) | 50 (68.5) | 164 (61.7) | 22,053 (62.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||||||
| White | 150 (19.7) | 188 (24.1) | 8821 (28.8) | 9159 (28.4) | 11 (13.9) | 3 (10.0) | 14 (12.8) | 33 (17.1) | 15 (20.6) | 48 (18.1) | 10,045 (28.3) |
| Black | 58 (7.6) | 53 (6.8) | 1616 (5.3) | 1727 (5.4) | 9 (11.4) | 0 | 9 (8.3) | 16 (8.3) | 6 (8.2) | 22 (8.3) | 1912 (5.4) |
| Hispanic | 91 (12.0) | 69 (8.9) | 2108 (6.9) | 2268 (7.0) | 8 (10.1) | 2 (6.7) | 10 (9.2) | 20 (10.4) | 7 (9.6) | 27 (10.2) | 2425 (6.8) |
| Asian | 26 (3.4) | 30 (3.9) | 1221 (4.0) | 1277 (4.0) | 11 (13.9) | 1 (3.3) | 12 (11.0) | 13 (6.7) | 5 (6.9) | 18 (6.8) | 1410 (4.0) |
| CKD stage, n (%) | |||||||||||
| 3A | 322 (42.3) | 318 (40.8) | 21,869 (71.3) | 22,509 (69.9) | 8 (10.1) | 6 (20.0) | 14 (12.8) | 19 (9.8) | 6 (8.2) | 25 (9.4) | 24,723 (69.6) |
| 3B | 267 (35.1) | 310 (39.7) | 7389 (24.1) | 7966 (24.7) | 19 (24.1) | 12 (40.0) | 31 (28.4) | 50 (25.9) | 28 (38.4) | 78 (29.3) | 8829 (24.9) |
| 4 | 151 (19.8) | 141 (18.1) | 1343 (4.4) | 1635 (5.1) | 44 (55.7) | 11 (36.7) | 55 (50.5) | 100 (51.8) | 33 (45.2) | 133 (50.0) | 1849 (5.2) |
| 5 | 21 (2.8) | 11 (1.4) | 57 (0.2) | 89 (0.3) | 8 (10.1) | 1 (3.3) | 9 (8.3) | 24 (12.4) | 6 (8.2) | 30 (11.3) | 108 (0.3) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 449 (59.0) | 466 (59.7) | 12,850 (41.9) | 13,765 (42.8) | 55 (69.6) | 20 (66.7) | 75 (68.8) | 128 (66.3) | 45 (61.6) | 173 (65.0) | 15,282 (43.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 703 (92.4) | 716 (91.8) | 26,331 (85.9) | 27,750 (86.2) | 77 (97.5) | 29 (96.7) | 106 (97.3) | 188 (97.4) | 71 (97.3) | 259 (97.4) | 30,654 (86.3) |
| CHF, n (%) | 312 (41.0) | 264 (33.9) | 6641 (21.7) | 7217 (22.4) | 40 (50.6) | 10 (33.3) | 50 (45.9) | 97 (50.3) | 38 (52.1) | 135 (50.8) | 7813 (22.0) |
| MI, n (%) | 148 (19.5) | 141 (18.1) | 4428 (14.4) | 4717 (14.7) | 19 (24.1) | 6 (20.0) | 25 (22.9) | 47 (24.4) | 20 (27.4) | 67 (25.2) | 5182 (14.6) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 141 (18.5) | 136 (17.4) | 4175 (13.6) | 4452 (13.8) | 14 (17.7) | 7 (23.3) | 21 (19.3) | 49 (25.4) | 15 (20.6) | 64 (24.1) | 4855 (13.7) |
| PVD, n (%) | 282 (37.1) | 269 (34.5) | 7599 (24.8) | 8150 (25.3) | 33 (41.8) | 12 (40.0) | 45 (41.3) | 92 (47.7) | 28 (38.4) | 120 (45.1) | 8805 (24.8) |
| Albuminuria, n (%) | |||||||||||
| <300 mg/dL | 273 (35.9) | 288 (36.9) | 11,084 (36.2) | 11,645 (36.2) | 26 (32.9) | 11 (36.7) | 37 (33.9) | 56 (29.0) | 26 (35.6) | 82 (30.8) | 12,459 (35.1) |
| ≥300 mg/dL | 109 (14.3) | 100 (12.8) | 1575 (5.1) | 1784 (5.5) | 23 (29.1) | 2 (6.7) | 25 (22.9) | 69 (35.8) | 15 (20.6) | 84 (31.6) | 1917 (5.4) |
| Not available | 379 (49.8) | 392 (50.2) | 17,999 (58.7) | 18,770 (58.3) | 30 (38.0) | 17 (56.7) | 47 (43.1) | 68 (35.2) | 32 (43.8) | 100 (37.6) | 21,133 (59.5) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2, mean ± SD | 40.3 ± 12.6 | 40.5 ± 11.8 | 48.3 ± 9.1 | 47.9 ± 9.4 | 27.0 ± 11.6 | 32.8 ± 12.0 | 28.6 ± 11.9 | 26.9 ± 11.6 | 29.5 ± 11.5 | 27.6 ± 11.6 | 47.8 ± 9.5 |
| Hb, g/dL, mean ± SD | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 10.3 ± 0.1 | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 1.6 | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 10.4 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 11.1 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 13.1 ± 1.6 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL, p50 [p25, p75] | 119 [40, 276] | 96 [45, 185] | 97 [48, 192] | 98 [47, 197] | 242 [138, 483] | 243 [141, 319] | 242 [138, 453] | 242 [106, 415] | 200 [96, 428] | 224 [104, 418] | 99 [48, 201] |
| TSAT, %, mean ± SD | 22.7 ± 14.4 | 22.8 ± 11.5 | 26.0 ± 10.8 | 25.5 ± 11.3 | 28.7 ± 13.5 | 30.3 ± 15.1 | 29.0 ± 13.6 | 25.6 ± 12.2 | 29.8 ± 14.1 | 26.6 ± 12.7 | 25.6 ± 11.4 |
Abbreviations: CHF congestive heart failure, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cerebrovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESA erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, Hb hemoglobin, MI myocardial infarction, PVD peripheral vascular disease, SD standard deviation, TSAT transferrin saturation, unk unknown