S. meliloti succinoglycan protection against NCR247 and Bac7. (A) S. meliloti Sm1021 cells were treated for 5 h with l-NCR247 (20 μM), polymyxin B (PMB) (1.75 μg ml−1), melittin (1 μM), human defensin 5 (HD5) (20 μM), the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (0.5 μM), or Bac71–35 (0.5 μM) and then recovered on LBMC agar plates supplemented with 200 μg ml−1 streptomycin. Results shown are representative of trends observed in at least two independent experiments. (B) Early-exponential-phase S. meliloti wild-type cells were treated with 20 μM l- or d-NCR247 and supplemented with 10 μg ml−1 wild-type HMW succinoglycan as indicated. Bars and error bars indicate means ± standard deviations. The results shown are representative of trends observed in at least two independent experiments. EPS, exopolysaccharide (succinoglycan). **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001.