Fig 1.

Schematic representation of COPD assessment dimensions. Circles represent dimensions enclosing variables with defined or possible relevance to diagnosis, prognosis, or potential therapy in patients with COPD. Colors used to fill circles illustrate the degree of knowledge, validation, and acceptance for the variables in these dimensions. Stratification and prognostication have been based largely on variables contained within the clinical and physiologic dimension in which more needs to be explored in the imaging and endotyping dimension. ADO, Age, dyspnea, and airflow obstruction; BMI, body mass index; BODE, body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; DOSE, dyspnea, airflow obstruction, smoking, and exacerbation; Fot, forced oscillation technique; Hx, history; IOS, impulse oscillometry; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; RV, rhinovirus; SGRQ, St George Respiratory Questionnaire; TLC, total lung capacity.