Table II.
List of potential biomarkers identified.
| m/z peak | Basis | Regulation | Protein ID | Protein name | Mass (Da) | Mascot score | Average number of peptides | Average emPAI | Percentage of sequence coverage | Expected percentage of sequence coverage | Pattern matching | Mascot-SELDI matrix matching scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,366 | Strength, | Down | ACTA_HUMAN | Actin, aortic smooth muscle | 42,009 | 97 | 8 | 0.27 | 11.2 | 15.2 | A | 50//100 |
| IMAC30 | G3P_HUMAN | GAPDH | 36,053 | 66 | 4.6 | 0.16 | 10.8 | 17.7 | A | 50//100 | ||
| HORN_HUMAN | Hornerin | 282,390 | 66 | 11.3 | 0.04 | 4.4 | 2.3 | A | 50//100 | |||
| 6,461 | Strength, | Down | ALBU_HUMAN | Serum albumin precursor | 69,367 | 190 | 18.1 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 9.3 | A | 71//66 |
| IMAC30 | ||||||||||||
| 7,474 | Strength, | Down | G3P_HUMAN | GAPDH | 36,053 | 66 | 4.6 | 0.16 | 10.8 | 20.7 | A | 50//100 |
| IMAC30 | MASP2_HUMAN | Mannan-binding lectin | 75,702 | 65 | 9.3 | 0.13 | 6.3 | 9.9 | A | 50//100 | ||
| serine protease 2 precursor | ||||||||||||
| MMRN2_HUMAN | Multimerin-2 precursor | 104,409 | 32 | 3.7 | 0.04 | 4.2 | 7.2 | A | 50//100 | |||
| MTPN_HUMAN | Myotrophin | 12,895 | 64 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 26.8 | 58.0 | A | 50//100 | |||
| PEBP1_HUMAN | Phosphatidylethanolamine- | 21,057 | 109 | 3.5 | 0.41 | 20.9 | 35.5 | A | 50//100 | |||
| binding protein 1 | ||||||||||||
| 7,679 | Strength, | Down | HBB_HUMAN | Hemoglobin subunit β | 15,998 | 108 | 5.3 | 0.91 | 32.3 | 48.0 | A | 66//100 |
| IMAC30 | ||||||||||||
| 11,756 | Strength, | Down | ALBU_HUMAN | Serum albumin precursor | 69,367 | 190 | 18.1 | 0.4 | 12.7 | 17.0 | A | 66//100 |
| IMAC30 | GFAP_HUMAN | Glial fibrillary acidic protein | 49,937 | 61 | 4 | 0.07 | 11.2 | 23.5 | A | 66//100 | ||
| 11,966 | Strength, | Down | G3P_HUMAN | GAPDH | 36,053 | 66 | 4.6 | 0.16 | 10.8 | 33.2 | A | 60//100 |
| IMAC30 | ||||||||||||
| 10,869 | Power, | Down | ANXA1_HUMAN | Annexin A1 | 38,714 | 126 | 6.5 | 0.3 | 16.3 | 28.1 | A, M | 100//100 |
| CM10 | CAP7_HUMAN | Azurocidin precursor | 27,342 | 43 | 2.7 | 0.14 | 10 | 39.8 | A, M | 100//100 | ||
| CEL_HUMAN | Bile salt-activated | 79,322 | 37 | 3.5 | 0.08 | 3.4 | 13.7 | A | 100//100 | |||
| lipase precursor | ||||||||||||
| COFA1_HUMAN | Collagen α-1(XV) | 141,720 | 34 | 7.5 | 0.04 | 4.7 | 7.7 | A | 100//100 | |||
| chain precursor | ||||||||||||
| HV303_HUMAN | Ig heavy chain V–III | 12,582 | 45 | 3.7 | 0.31 | 9.4 | 86.4 | A, M | 100//100 | |||
| region VH26 precursor | ||||||||||||
| HV307_HUMAN | Ig heavy chain V–III | 13,668 | 45 | 3.8 | 0.29 | 9.2 | 79.5 | A, M | 100//100 | |||
| region CAM | ||||||||||||
| 2,445 | Power, | Up | MASP2_HUMAN | Mannan-binding lectin | 75,702 | 65 | 9.3 | 0.13 | 6.3 | 3.2 | A | 100//100 |
| CM10 | serine protease 2 precursor | |||||||||||
| PGBM_HUMAN | Basement membrane-specific | 468,830 | 198 | 16.8 | 0.05 | 3.2 | 0.5 | A | 100//100 | |||
| heparan sulfate proteoglycan | ||||||||||||
| core protein precursor | ||||||||||||
| 2,583 | Power, | Up | CATB_HUMAN | Cathepsin B precursor | 38,791 | 44 | 3.7 | 0.1 | 6.1 | 6.7 | A | 66//100 |
| CM10 | KV113_HUMAN | Ig κ chain V-I region Lay | 11,834 | 46 | 2.8 | 0.33 | 17.6 | 21.8 | A | 66//100 | ||
| KV305_HUMAN | Ig κ chain V–III region WOL | 11,746 | 117 | 6.8 | 1.58 | 40.4 | 22.0 | A | 66//100 | |||
| KV310_HUMAN | Ig κ chain V–III region VH | 12,757 | 47 | 3.2 | 0.51 | 18.9 | 20.2 | A | 66//100 |
The basis relates to either the leg strength-measurement based model using the IMAC30 dataset, or the leg power-measurement based CM10 dataset. Pattern matching was done using either an automated approach (A) using in-house written software, or by manual comparison (M) of the observed presence of proteins in 4 positive and 4 negative urine samples based on the measured normalised intensities of m/z peak clusters. The automated identification involved Mascot-identified protein expressions in 10 samples for the IMAC30 chipset, and 17 samples in the CM10 chip-type in the 2 to 10 kDa range, which were compared to the expected expression pattern found by SELDI in the same samples. The Mascot-SELDI matrix matching scores were calculated as percentages for sensitivity and specificity. Protein ID is the Swiss-Prot identifier. emPAI, exponentially modified protein abundance index; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.