Figure 6.

The interactions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 with HMGB1 and Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). The molecular interactions of human TLR4 (hTLR4) with HMGB1 (A), PSMα1 (B), PSMα2 (C), PSMα3 (D), PSMβ1 (E), and PSMβ2 (F) were shown as dashed lines with π–π, π–alkyl, and hydrogen bonds colored purple, pink, and green. The secondary structural elements were depicted as ribbons (coils, α-helices; arrows, β-sheets). Color was based on the secondary structures (α-helices, red; β-sheets, sky blue; loops, green). Residues from hTLR4 and ligands were labeled in black and blue, and shown as lines with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen colored gray, red, and blue, respectively.