Table 3.

Adjusted percentage change (95% CI) in birth weight and cord blood biomarkers in relation to per log unit increase in maternal plasma PlGF concentration at 32–35 weeks of gestation.

Adjusted% changeb	Per log unit increase in maternal plasma PlGF	Pa
Birth weight (n = 297)c	4.9 (3.1, 6.7)	<0.001
Cord blood (n = 256)c
Insulin	13.3 (1.3, 26.8)	0.03
Proinsulin	3.8 (−6.8, 15.6)	0.50
IGF-I	19.6 (8.0, 32.5)	<0.001
Leptin	7.8 (−0.8, 17.2)	0.08
HMW adiponectin	−1.0 (−8.4, 6.9)	0.79

^aP values from generalized linear models adjusting for gestational age at blood sampling, maternal (age, parity, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol drinking, pre-pregnancy BMI, and family history of diabetes), pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertensive disorder, and glucocorticoids use), and delivery (cesarean section, infant sex, gestational age, and duration of labor) characteristics, and for cord blood insulin and proinsulin, further adjusting for cord blood glucose concentration.

^bThe adjusted% change was calculated from the regression coefficient of the dependent variable (y) in log scale per log unit increase in the independent variable (x), because the regression coefficient (β) represents the proportion of change in y in the original scale: log y₁ − log y₀ = β, then log (y₁/y₀) = β, thus y₁/y₀ = e^β, and thus the percentage change is (e^β − 1) × 100%.

^cThe effective sample sizes in regression models in estimating the adjusted% change in the dependent variable.

PlGF, placental growth factor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; HMW, high-molecular weight; BMI, body mass index.

P values in bold: P < 0.01.