Table 5.
Birth weight and metabolic health biomarkers in cord blood comparing infants with low (<25th percentile) vs. normal maternal circulating PlGF concentrations within the control (birth weight 25th–75th percentile) group.
| Low PlGF (n = 34) | Normal PlGF (n = 118) | Adjusted Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight, g | 3,303, 3,228 ± 415 | 3,446, 3,414 ± 247 | 0.401 |
| Cord blood | |||
| Insulin, pmol/l | 31.8, 39.0 ± 34.1 | 27.7, 37.3 ± 28.8 | 0.690 |
| Proinsulin, pmol/l | 12.9, 20.5 ± 26.8 | 12.0, 15.1 ± 8.9 | 0.294 |
| IGF-I, nmol/l | 7.7, 7.7 ± 3.5 | 8.0, 8.2 ± 3.4 | 0.752 |
| Leptin, ng/ml | 12.2, 13.7 ± 9.2 | 9.4, 11.2 ± 6.3 | 0.053 |
| HMW adiponectin, μg/ml | 19.9, 20.7 ± 9.3 | 20.7, 20.9 ± 8.8 | 0.761 |
Data presented are median, mean ± SD.
aP values for comparisons of mean values in log-transformed data from generalized linear models adjusting for maternal (age, parity, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol drinking, pre-pregnancy BMI, and family history of diabetes), pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertensive disorder, and glucocorticoids use), and delivery (cesarean section, infant sex, gestational age, and duration of labor) characteristics; for cord blood insulin and proinsulin, the comparisons were further adjusted for cord blood glucose concentration (which affects insulin and proinsulin concentrations).
PlGF, placental growth factor; IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor-I; HMW, high-molecular weight; BMI, body mass index.